How to Select and Install Fireproof Materials to Protect Your Home

To prevent such a nuisance as a fire from happening, heat-resistant materials are used to decorate the walls near the stove. Any such heat source not only heats the air in the room, but also heats up itself very strongly and therefore, the surrounding partitions can easily catch fire. In our case, these are walls and floors.

Fire resistance of building materials

Facing materials differ in chemical composition, structure, thermal insulation, and hygroscopic properties. Depending on the raw materials from which they are made, the following materials are distinguished:

• organic;
• inorganic;
• mixed.

Non-flammable (NG) are inorganic materials: stone, brick, glass, asbestos cement and others. When organic and polymeric substances are added, the properties of the product change. NG include:

• inorganic materials permitted in construction;
• metals;
• gypsum boards containing 8% organic matter;
• mineral wool boards - 6% binder components.

Refractory materials contain 8–15% filler. All other organic materials are considered flammable.

Application

Fire-resistant boards are used according to the multi-layer principle. If it is necessary to perform sheathing, leave a space of 2-3 cm between the thermal insulation and the wall. The material is also glued in several layers using heat-resistant mastic.

Screens made of stainless steel sheets are most often used to insulate furnaces. This method is especially common when the stove is located too close to adjacent walls. Stainless steel sheets are often used in conjunction with non-combustible stoves. They are used as the outer surface layer. When metal sheets are polished to a shine, they tend to reflect heat. This heat flow has more gentle and gentle flows.

A protective screen made of steel is considered a ready-made structure. It goes around the entire surface of the metal stove on three sides. This is a very effective way to retain heat inside heating equipment. The external temperature with such a screen will reach approximately 100°C.

Various fireproof materials, which were mentioned in the article, are used as thermal insulation under stainless cladding. Ceramic bushings are used for fastenings. Such parts allow you to form a ventilation gap between the wall and the thermal insulation, since they do not heat up.

For wooden surfaces, such cladding will serve as reliable protection against fire and heating. In this form, the cladding will not have a beautiful appearance. To make it have a more decorative appearance, heat-resistant tiles are used. It is laid using heat-resistant glue. The best facing materials include:

• clinker tiles;
• terracotta tiles;
• porcelain stoneware;
• tiles;
• Soapstone chlorite

This type of finishing is used only as an element of a multi-layer “pie” of protection. The distance between the stove and such a surface must be at least 15-20 cm. The protective layer must have a ventilation gap and fire-resistant material. The decor will make it possible to disguise the protective layer and the finishing of the bathhouse will look in the same style.

Furnace lining materials

Lining is the lining of the furnace surface that is in contact with the flame. But since, in addition to protection, it can reduce heating efficiency, it is important to calculate the thickness of the layer.

Heat-resistant materials are installed during the construction of the stove or during its finishing.

Examples of furnace lining Source yandex.net

Lining material:

• fireclay products;
• leaf kaolins;
• mullite mats;
• basalt wool;
• vermiculites;
• fire-resistant compounds.

The same applies to cast iron stoves - they get very hot, so the walls near them must be protected, especially if the stove is installed in a wooden house.

Fireproof plasterboard

One of the simplest to implement, but far from the worst option in terms of its qualities. The sheets are easy to attach to any surface, they are not too expensive and after installation the structure can be painted in the desired color or its front side can be decorated with another type of decorative coating. If appearance and design is not of paramount importance, then this is the best option.

Wall and ceiling cladding near heating units

Safe distances for factory furnaces are indicated in the passport. Based on these data, a protective screen is made behind the stove. For installation, use basalt insulating cardboard. This fire-resistant material for finishing walls under a stove is easy to cut and bend, and does not emit harmful substances in the event of a fire. Sheets of basalt fiber are installed end-to-end with the reflective part inside the room.

Important! A gap of 5–10 cm is left between the ceiling and the screen for shrinkage of the house.

The screen should protrude 20–30 cm to the left and right of the stove. The protective casing is made of fireclay and red stove material 0.5–0.25 bricks thick. The floor near the stove is covered with a sheet of stainless steel, galvanized or porcelain stoneware.

The stove firebox is located low to the floor. In this case, it is protected with ceramic tiles.

The protective gasket should protrude 100 mm beyond the perimeter of the heating unit. Floor stainless steel sheets 600x800 mm cost 1,200 rubles.

A metal sheet is laid if the stove has a high base Source its-sauna.ru

Before lining the furnace, the following work is carried out:

1. They build a base 170x70x145 cm. The first layer (15 cm) in the foundation is sand, the second 20 cm is stones, the third 10 cm is crushed stone. The foundation for the stove should be 20 cm below the finished floor.
2. Brick, heat-insulating material, and a sheet of metal are laid on the base.
3. Ceramic tiles are laid on the finished floor.
4. Install the stove.
5. Construct a fence of bricks.

Heating efficiency and home safety also depend on proper installation. Heat-resistant materials are used for the chimney: brick, stainless steel, asbestos-cement, ceramic, sandwich pipes.

Before installing the pipe in the ceiling, a square of 1.0 x 1.0 m is cut out. The inside is sheathed with mineralite sheets. The pipe is protected with a box if it runs next to joists and rafters. The inside of the protective frame is also lined with mineralite slabs.

See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in the installation of fireplaces and stoves.

Care Tips

In houses with stove heating, maintaining the stove and fences that protect the combustible structures of the house from overheating in good condition is the key to trouble-free living for its owners. Fire is no joke, and there are no trifles in observing fire safety rules! If they say that a sheet of metal measuring 500x700 mm is needed in front of the furnace loading door, it should be there!

Every year, before the start of the heating season, you should check the condition of the heating appliances at home. It is necessary to check whether the heat-resistant plaster of the stove is damaged, whether there are cracks in the chimney, or whether the facing tiles have fallen off. All identified defects must be corrected in a timely manner.

Fire-resistant panels are an excellent guarantee of the safety of your property.

Thermal insulation boards PIRRO

The Russian company PirroGroup produces non-combustible materials for finishing walls and ceilings. Thermal insulation boards based on polyisocyanurate foam have a closed cell structure that is filled with gas. The material does not support combustion due to its special design and composition.

Comparison of thermal conductivity indicators of Pirro fire-resistant board and other materials Source e-uteplitel.ru

PIR-boards PirroThermo are designed for insulation of walls and ceilings in baths. The thermal insulation material is lined on both sides with aluminum foil. Flammability class of panels G1-G2. PirroUniversal has a double-sided aluminum cladding. Price: 432 RUR/piece.

To protect the house, materials are used that have different characteristics and composition. We list the heat-resistant products that are used indoors:

• Drywall sheet.
• Terracotta tiles.
• Basalt fiber panels.
• Roll materials.

Beautiful examples in the interior

Ceramic clinker tiles are an excellent “simulator”. Thanks to the use of this material, you can get almost any type of finish, for example, brick, wood or natural stone. Finishing a fireplace that imitates stone will add austerity, luxury and grandeur to the interior, like ancient fireplaces in medieval castles.

Tile cladding is rightfully considered the most sophisticated and striking example of finishing stoves. There are no limits to imagination when creating decor from such material. A huge selection of a wide variety of patterns, colors and shades equates decorating a stove with tiles to high art. Such devices will delight and delight with their appearance for years, be it a small fireplace in the living room or hallway of an apartment, or a Russian stove in a country house.

In Russia, tiled stoves were extremely popular during the reign of Peter I. Now these devices are experiencing their rebirth. Cladding the fireplace with blue-and-white tiles, brick-like material or luxurious marble - all this has become possible thanks to the variety of types of fire-resistant tiles. Now modern technical capabilities are easily combined with nostalgic images of a bygone era.

Fireplace cladding

Fireplaces are lined with stone, fireclay, marble, ceramic tiles and other non-combustible materials. When decorating a fireplace with natural stone, an additional foundation is made.

To decorate fireplaces, they use natural stone soapstone, which can withstand loads and is heat-intensive. Plates made from this material:

• protect stoves, fireplaces, chimney ducts;
• lining the walls and floor of the bathhouse;
• They make heated floors and walls with electric cables.

The stone was first mined in Finland. Talkomagnesite can withstand heating and cooling without losing its shape or color. Lining the stove with stone creates a healthy microclimate in the room and saves fuel. The technology for lining stoves came from Finland.

Price of the stone: 8000 rubles (sq. meter).

Thermal boxes for fireplaces are assembled and adjusted in production. Various shades of marble are used for installation. The protective casing is made according to individual projects, and ready-made claddings can be selected on the manufacturers’ websites.

Alternative finishing methods

A possible option for covering is felt, which is pre-impregnated with clay. You need to attach a sheet of tin close to the top for thermal protection. The modern wide range allows you to choose other options:

• Cover with flat slate, decorate with patterns
• Plaster and whitewash
• Lay tiles

For reference! The stove can be lined with stone, vermiculite, soapstone or terracotta.

Is it possible to cover the stove with plasterboard? It will burn, reduce heat transfer and simply crumble over time. An alternative is special refractory clay (or mortar). The finished surface can be additionally covered with porcelain stoneware.

How to prepare gypsum mortar for finishing a brick oven:

1. Knead the clay in water (1:3).
2. Wait until completely dissolved and mix thoroughly.
3. Pour the solution into another container.
4. After settling, add fine sand (1 part clay to 3 sand).

Is it possible to cover a stove with plasterboard? In its pure form it is suitable only for decorative stoves, but in working rough it can burn. A popular alternative is brick or tile. The distance between the surface and the material should be on average 1-2 cm.

Heat-resistant boards Aditim

The multidisciplinary holding offers non-flammable materials:

• Pyrocol glue;
• sealants, mastics;
• panels;
• foam;
• fire brick.

Fire-resistant adhesive is intended for bricklaying. Pyrocol glues panel and sheet materials, ceramic fibers, mineral wool and glass wool. If fire-resistant glue is used, the heating unit will be ready within 24 hours. Pyrocol increases the fire resistance of the elements to which it is applied.

Fibrodice MS panels are made from inorganic materials and do not contain formaldehyde or asbestos. Eco-friendly products are used for flooring and ceiling coverings.

Fire-resistant panel Fibrodice MS Source saunainter.com

Fireproof Odiboard sheet contains mineral fibers, expanded perlite, and binders. The products are convenient to use and easy to process. The panels are made in different sizes:

• 900x2100 mm;
• 1200x2100 mm;
• 1200x2400 mm.

The company produces Oditec panels made on the basis of calcium silicate. The material is used in fireproof structures. The fire resistance class of Aditim/Odice panels is A 1.

When to install protection

A protective screen for a stove in a steam room is installed only when, for some reason, it is impossible to comply with fire safety requirements at the heating design stage. So, fire safety equipment is necessary only in the following cases:

• the distance between the wall and the stove is less than 32 cm;
• the space between the stove and the ceilings does not exceed 100 cm;
• if the inside of the metal stove is lined with fireclay, and the distance to the wall is no more than 70 cm.

Protecting the stove in the bathhouse with a reflector and masonry Source par-torg.com

Superisol sheets for wall insulation

Skamol is a supplier of insulation systems for construction. The organization offers a wide range of products. S-Isol WR is used for lining chimneys, duct construction, and wall insulation.

When attaching, use screws or glue. S-Isol WR is a lightweight insulation board with high strength and heat resistance. The product is designed for 1100 ⁰С. On the construction market you can choose slabs of different sizes. Sheet thickness is 25–80 mm. The price of 1 sheet depends on the size, 2950–14700 rubles.

Superisol boards are easy to cut and light weight Source kamin.md

Conclusion

Thermal insulation materials for stoves are an important component of the stove itself, without which it will not be possible to properly arrange the work.

Also, it is worth adding that it is very important to choose the right material, install it firmly and not overpay a lot of money for it. Fortunately, there are now a huge number of materials and by studying them, you can understand for yourself which one will suit your stove or wall.

Fireproof decorative panels for stoves can not only protect you, but also complement your interior. Experts say that choosing insulating material should be like choosing wallpaper. Sheets, panels or slabs must fit correctly into the overall picture of the room, especially if we are talking about a stove inside the house.

Very often, fireclay slabs for stoves can brighten up your simple interior in the house and add some zest to it.

Heat-resistant insulation for furnaces is not a luxury, it is a necessity. You could even say that this is an important element of the stove, which you cannot do without. When equipping your stove, do not forget to immediately make a list of the necessary materials for thermal insulation of the surface around the stove.

Minerite slabs

Cement-fiber board is used for cladding building facades. The impact-resistant plate is safe for health. Minerite - fireproof materials for walls around stoves are often used in baths and saunas. The composition of mineralite includes:

• cement;
• cellulose;
• mica;
• limestone.

Several types of fiber cement boards are produced:

• Windproof windshields are installed in façade frames.
• HD are universal products that are used for interior and facade work. They produce HD slabs of different thicknesses from 3.2 to 10 mm.
• “Pastel” slabs have a polished surface and are painted.
• The PC model is covered with façade primer and painted.
• Fire-resistant boards - for lining and protection of heating equipment.

Non-flammable sheet material is used for thermal insulation of the floor, walls, ceiling, and roof in the bathhouse. The dimensions of the mineralite sheet are: 1200x630; 1200x845; 1200x1275mm. Maximum heating up to 400 degrees. Price of sheets: 945, 1265, 1885 rubles.

Fiber cement boards Source stroyfora.ru

Nuances of choice

A wide variety of species often makes you doubt the correctness of your choice. To avoid problems and to avoid regretting your decision, you need to decide on the material that will protect the walls next to the stove, chimney or fireplace.

For finishing walls around stoves and in boiler rooms

Fireproof finishing of walls around furnaces and in boiler rooms is prescribed by fire safety rules and is mandatory.

• Fire-resistant plasterboard panels can be used as a basis for cladding walls near the stove.
• Using fireclay bricks and/or mortar, create fireproof protection in the form of a screen near the furnace. The surface inside the furnace is laid out (lined) with bricks, and cracks and cracks are sealed with mortar.
• But the most effective protection for surfaces adjacent to fireplaces and stoves is made of stainless steel. Steel sheets are used to construct fireproof screens. They are mounted at a distance of 1-5 cm from the body of the stove or fireplace.
• Thermal protection can be further increased by fiberglass laid under steel sheets.
• Cast iron screens are also popular.
• Basalt rolls and mats, flexible and lightweight, are also used for shielding stoves and fireplaces.
• Terracotta or porcelain tiles are ideal for fire protection of boiler rooms, as well as baths. They do not deform or burn, and are also easy to maintain - they are easy to clean and wash. Due to their high decorative properties, they can also be used to decorate various surfaces.

For pipe

To avoid fire, chimney outlets must be reliably thermally insulated. For this purpose, mullite-silica boards and cardboard are used, which are excellent for processing. You can cut holes in them of any configuration for chimney pipes and other structural elements of stoves.

For the bath

The walls of the baths are finished with heat-resistant materials so that they have fire-resistant properties. For this use:

• “pie” made of a metal reflective coating and a heat-insulating gasket;
• superizol;
• fire-resistant plasterboard;
• glass magnesite;
• minerite;
• terracotta tiles.

Fire protection for sauna stoves is also provided by products made from foamed vermiculite. For the layer between the first rows of the stove masonry and the wooden floor, vermiculite boards are preferable, since they are stronger than cardboard.

For the fireplace

The main product used for facing the fireplace, along with fire-resistant plasterboard, is fire-resistant ceramics:

• terracotta tiles or majolica as its variety;
• tiles;
• clinker tiles;
• porcelain stoneware

All of them are moisture resistant and resistant to temperature changes. Choose tiles marked A - they are of higher quality than tiles marked B.

paints and varnishes

Fire-resistant paint combines protection and decorative properties. It forms a film that keeps objects from burning. Water-based and organic-based paints with swelling effect are used for metal surfaces. One of the advantages is that it can be removed from the surface.

Fire-resistant fillers in paints:

• vermiculite;
• perlite;
• stone wool;
• basalt fibers.

During testing, the fire protection group of the product is determined. When interacting with fire, the intumescent layer increases 70 times. This creates a coke layer that protects the object. As the paint disintegrates, it releases components that slow down the combustion process.

When choosing paint, pay attention to the cost and material of the surface used.

The following paints are available for sale:

• NEOMID for metal (6 kg) costs 1,714 rubles.
• NEOMID for air vent (6 kg) – RUR 1,714.
• NEOMID for cable (6kg) – 1985 rub.
• NEOMID for wood (25 kg) – 8039 rub.
• Thermal barrier for metal structures – 375 rubles/kg.
• FRIZOL-OK for metal (25 kg) – 5750 rub.
• Protect F for metal structures (20 kg) – 4050 rub.
• Pirocor for metal – 250 rub/kg and others.

Fireproof paint Source nebezopasno.com
All paints are applied with brushes, rollers, and sprayers. The manufacturer indicates the layer thickness and recommended primers on the packaging.

Characteristics of stove varnish

Fireplace (or stove) varnish is most often made from silicone resin diluted in a solvent. Special additives are also added to paintwork materials. The varnish has a specific smell and transparency.

However, coloring agents can be added to paintwork materials, which will give the treated surface the desired shade.

Typically the paint composition is applied in two layers. The consumption of the substance can vary greatly, depending on the porosity of the material being processed. Each layer dries from 30 minutes to an hour at a room temperature of 18 to 25 degrees.

It is not by chance that varnish is called heat-resistant - it is able to maintain its qualities at extreme temperatures - from 200 to 250 degrees. Is it possible to varnish porcelain tiles on the floor video? There are also more thermally stable coatings, for example, aluminosilicone.

Such paints and varnishes are able to retain their qualities even at a temperature of five hundred degrees.

Choose a varnish based on your needs, consult with specialists

In addition to thermal resistance, stove varnish is characterized by other positive properties:

• resistance to high humidity and its consequences in the form of efflorescence, mold and fungi;
• protection against aggressive chemicals (solutions containing salt, petroleum products, technical oils, etc., which even after contact with the stove surface cannot be absorbed by it);
• such paintwork materials can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors;
• heat-resistant paintwork dries quickly, so you can add alkyd or acrylic varnish to it;
• high level of adhesion, which allows the composition to penetrate deeply into the material, providing it with a high level of protection;
• surfaces treated with this varnish are aesthetically pleasing to the eye, distinguished by a beautiful shine and fullness of shades.

Briefly about the main thing

Construction stores have a lot of non-flammable materials suitable for finishing work. They are durable and easy to install, meeting fire safety standards.

When choosing protection for walls, you need to choose environmentally friendly materials. Natural stone and decorative cladding products are on sale. You can further increase the fire resistance of structures by painting them with special paints. Fire-resistant paint and varnish products are available in different price segments.

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Types of non-combustible wall products

Non-combustible wall products include heat-resistant plasters and mortars intended for laying heat-resistant ceramic tiles:

• terracotta;
• majolica;
• clinker tiles;
• fireclay tiles.

There are many recipes for plaster and mortar for laying ceramics.

An example of a fireplace with a firebox and a closed glass door. The presence of glazed doors, on the one hand, protects the interior from contamination by combustion products, and on the other, allows you to admire the fire.

SKL products

SCL - calcium silicate sheet - environmentally friendly material. Does not contain harmful substances and carcinogens. Retains mechanical properties - strength and hardness when heated. Contains:

• paper pulp - 10%;
• quartz powder 45%;
• cement – ​​40%;
• additives that increase the mechanical properties of the material – 5%.

A decorative layer with ultraviolet painting is applied to the front side of the SC sheet. The levels of fire and moisture resistance allow the use of SCL both in the external and internal decoration of buildings. This material is good for finishing rooms with high humidity - household rooms, baths, bathrooms. The ability to resist fire allows the use of SCL for finishing the walls and ceilings of rooms near the hot surfaces of the stove and fireplace.

SML products

SML - glass-magnesium sheet - is a relatively new material that has strength, flexibility, moisture and heat resistance. It includes:

• magnesium oxide – 40%;
• magnesium chloride – 35%;
• fine wood shavings – 15%;
• extruded perlite – 5%;
• additives – 4%
• fiberglass – 1%.

LSU does not have a harmful effect on the human body, therefore it is used in interior decoration. High fire resistance up to 1000°C allows it to be used as fireproof panels for interior wall decoration near heating sources and open fire.

GKLO products

GKLO is a fire-resistant plasterboard sheet. According to GOST 32614-2012, developed jointly with the Knauf company, and put into effect on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2015, this material is designated by the letter F - “fire-resistant boards”. Its fire resistance must be at least 20 minutes when exposed to open flame.

The heat resistance of gypsum plasterboard is achieved by introducing special additives into gypsum that increase the resistance of the material to high temperatures and prevent smoke from occurring in a fire. To facilitate recognition, the surface of the gypsum board is painted light pink, and the markings are done in red. Knauf Fireboard - the most fire-resistant product from Knauf - has an additional reinforcing layer of fiberglass. Used as fire-resistant cladding for walls and ceilings.