A wooden house has many advantages: environmental friendliness, beauty, comfortable microclimate. But such buildings are potentially fire hazardous, so when installing heating equipment, you must follow the rules described in the instructions and be especially careful.
Even if you decide to entrust the installation to specialists, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the basic requirements that must be taken into account when placing a metal stove in such a building.
Features of metal stoves
Metal stoves are designed specifically to equip a house, cottage or cottage with a constant source of heat without spending a lot of time and effort. However, you can fully enjoy the benefits that such a stove provides only if it is installed correctly.
- A large selection of models: from stoves of traditional design to technologically complex options with two- and three-turn fireboxes.
- Characterized by moderate cost.
- They heat up quickly, which allows you to make the room temperature comfortable in a short time.
- Long service life. If handled properly, a metal stove will last at least fifteen years.
- Compact dimensions and the presence of a hob in many models.
- Installing a stove in a wooden house does not require much time and effort.
It is worth saying that metal stoves can be additionally equipped with large panoramic glass and also perform a decorative function, such as the stoves of the Matrix, Meteor, and Vertical series. In this case, when choosing a place to install them, you need to take into account that the door should be in the viewing area.
Manufacturers and prices
When the owner of a house or vacation complex has chosen an object that he likes to install a fireproof slab for the stove, the question of the company and cost remains open.
A small recommendation: special attention should be paid to companies already known at the time of acquisition.
They will be construction companies that have proven themselves with quality, abundance of products and branches in different cities.
It is worth considering that heat-resistant materials for stoves are quite expensive, so you should choose average or close to expensive prices.
You should not rely on low prices and unknown manufacturers.
It is quite possible that their company may turn out to be a “one-day” company and no one will answer you for the refractory material and its product quality and it will also be impossible to return the invested funds.
It is not reasonable to indicate uniform prices, because the price market is quite flexible and everything changes too often.
Do I need to make a foundation for the stove?
Installing a stove in a wooden house may require the presence of a foundation. However, a permanent foundation is required for a metal stove only if its weight exceeds 750 kg. Typically, steel stoves weigh much less (up to 300-400 kg). But if the equipment is covered with brick, then the weight of the entire structure will be very impressive.
When the stove weighs up to 80 kg, a foundation is not needed; the device must be installed on a solid, non-combustible base.
Another way to determine whether a foundation is needed is to consult a professional stove builder. This must be done at the stage of designing a wooden house, since the foundation for the stove is built during the creation of the foundation for the house. If the building has already been built, then the flooring at the installation site will have to be dismantled. After this, you will need to remove the soil and make a foundation for the stove.
Where to put a metal stove?
Ideally, you should choose a location for a steel stove after windows have been installed and doorways have been erected. Then it becomes clear how the air flows inside the room will be directed. To achieve the most efficient operation of the furnace, it should be placed where there is not too much air movement.
- Narrow rooms are not a suitable place to install a stove. According to fire safety rules, there must be at least 130 cm to the wall opposite the firebox.
- In addition, the stove itself should be 110-125 cm from the walls, and when using insulation made from non-combustible materials - 40 cm.
- It is also not possible to install a stove in a room that is too small: heating equipment that runs on wood is allowed to be installed in rooms with an area of at least 16 m2.
If the device is equipped with a hob, then you can safely install it in the kitchen. For example, among the Teplodar stoves, the Matrix, Vertical, Meteor and other models have this design. These stoves can operate for up to 8 hours on one load of wood thanks to an effective two-channel afterburner system.
Owners of two-story buildings should take into account that to heat the second floor they will need another metal stove.
Additional aspects
It is worth understanding that not all situations require a protective screen at all. For example, for brick kilns with an initially protected firebox, fences are not required. If the screen needs to be installed, then red ceramic materials are selected for it, capable of withstanding severe temperature changes and exposure to moisture.
Often, a bathhouse screen made of stainless steel loses much of its visual quality over time. To ensure their normal decorative properties, it is necessary to periodically wipe the metal with special cleaning compounds.
Conclusion
A DIY sauna stove screen is an important sauna structure that can prevent accidental burns and balance the operation of the stove. By implementing one of the proposed schemes, you can achieve a combination of protection efficiency, good functionality of the stove and good visual qualities of the entire system.
Preparing for installation of a metal furnace
Installation of a metal stove in a house made of combustible materials provides for the following:
- A fireproof cutting, which is also called a fireproof sheet, must be installed on the floor under the stove. It consists of a layer of asbestos cardboard on which a sheet of steel with a thickness of at least 1 mm is laid. A rim made of non-combustible material should be made around the protective layer. This is necessary so that the coals that fall out of the stove cannot roll onto the wooden surface.
- The flush sheet on the side of the combustion door and on other sides should protrude at least 600 mm and 300 mm, respectively.
- Protective screens that are mounted on walls must be 30% larger than the corresponding sides of the stove and at least 300 mm.
- An uninsulated chimney should be located at least 1000mm from unprotected walls and ceilings.
What are non-combustible elements?
Fireproof panels are resistant to temperatures no lower than 1580C. Most of them are produced in the form of simple products, weighing only a few kilograms. Refractories are used in units to protect against the effects of thermal energy.
What materials are non-flammable? Such materials, when exposed to heat and fire, are not capable of ignition and do not spread fire.
Installation of stove and chimney
The installation of a metal stove itself is not difficult.
The main thing is to strictly follow the recommendations in the instructions supplied with the equipment, and also to align the structure at a horizontal level. In this case, the minimum distance specified above must be observed from the wall. Advice. Before installing the device in the house, it is recommended to carry out the first firing in the yard so that the thermal paint that covers the stove outside and inside is firmly fixed and loses its specific smell.
After installing the stove, the chimney is connected. The most successful option for a wooden house is a sandwich chimney. There is a heat insulator between the two layers of steel that it is made of, so the outer surface does not get too hot. Other advantages of chimneys of this type include the fact that they are not prone to condensation and less soot accumulates in them.
If the pipe is made of stainless galvanized steel, then it must be insulated with non-combustible material. But, despite the presence of insulation, the chimney, according to safety regulations, must, like the stove itself, be located no closer than 38 cm from the wall.
The rules for installing a chimney are as follows:
- In order to make chimney passages through the ceiling, a factory-made cutting (special box) is used. This type of cutting is called interfloor or attic.
- The box should be selected so that the diameter of its hole matches the outer diameter of the pipe.
- A square hole should be cut between the beams, the size of which should correspond to the square part of the cutting. You can make this hole a little larger so that you can metal it with two layers of basalt wool.
- After this, the assembly of the chimney begins. A pipe must be connected to the chimney outlet, which is located on the top or rear surface of the housing. A slide valve is mounted above, which is designed to regulate draft.
- To create hermetic connections, special heat-resistant compounds are used. If it is necessary to create a connection between pipes of different diameters, special adapters (so-called glasses) are installed. You should not make a chimney with a large number of turns - fuel combustion products will accumulate in them.
- Next, the chimney is passed through a box in the ceiling, and the space between the cutting walls and the pipe is filled with basalt fiber.
After this, all that remains is to remove the chimney through the roof. For this you will also need factory cutting, but this time for roofing. Such elements are produced with different slope angles and are selected in accordance with the angle of the roof. The technology for passing a chimney through the roof is approximately the same as for a similar operation with a ceiling:
- It is necessary to maintain a distance of 25 cm between the pipe and flammable materials.
- The chimney and the hole under it from above must be closed with a special part - a roof.
- After this, you need to put a comfrey on the pipe. This is an element that protects the chimney from precipitation.
- The areas between the rafters and the pipe should be filled with basalt wool, and a metal reflector should be attached below.
The chimney of an iron stove can be exhausted either through the ceiling or through the wall. In the second case, you need to arrange for fixing the pipe from the outside to the wall of the house to ensure its resistance to wind.
When passing through a wall, the thermal insulation of the structure is performed in exactly the same way as when passing through the ceiling. The only caveat is that a wooden wall may shrink over time. As a result, a sliding fit of the cutting must be implemented.
All these measures can be carried out on your own, but before putting the stove into operation, you will definitely need to contact the Ministry of Emergency Situations to obtain a certificate stating that fire safety rules have been complied with. However, we recommend entrusting the installation of equipment to professional craftsmen, and the tips from the article will help you monitor their work.
What parameters to pay attention to when choosing
When choosing thermal insulation, you need to pay attention to several points. Important criteria are the price of materials and work, as well as the installation method that will be carried out. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully analyze the characteristics of the selected option. These characteristics include:
Thermal conductivity. It is important that the piece of consumable you choose is not raw, otherwise it will not cope with the plans assigned to it.
Thermal conductivity depends on the degree of humidity, since water has the ability to transmit heat better than air. Non-flammable substances retain heat inside the product.
The porosity of the heat insulator. There are closed or open pores on the elements.
It is important to ensure that they are evenly distributed over the surface; these pores are involved in heat exchange and air circulation.
Rapid water absorption. This criterion shows how much water has accumulated and how much of it can be retained. To test water absorption, you need to place the item in a humid environment.
Density and vapor permeability. Density depends on its mass in combination with the volume of the source. The vapor permeability level shows how much steam can pass through non-combustible wall insulation in a certain period of time.
Resistant to biodegradation. If fire-resistant materials have high biological resistance, they will be able to resist insects and fungi in conditions of constant or simply high humidity.
Fire resistance and heat resistance. Emphasis on the flammability and combustibility of the material.
If the insulation can withstand flames, then the level is high.
Combustible substances are added, so during heating the level of heat reached is checked, as well as the stability of the properties during it. At high temperatures, characteristics may decrease, as well as strength, and as a result, quality.
Frost resistance. To check this parameter, insulating structures are placed in low temperatures and analyzed to see if their properties have been lost during freezing and thawing.
Where is the best place to put a stove in a wooden house?
The installation location of the stove in a wooden house is determined as follows:
Principle of operation :- Air-heating furnaces, operating like the Russian “Burzhuika” or the Canadian “Buleryan”, are installed in a place where convection currents move unhindered. If it is planned to heat adjacent rooms, the structure is built into the interior partition, or air ducts are connected.
- A stove with a built-in water heat exchanger is installed so that the circuit in the stove is the lowest point of the heating system. The location is not critical and is determined only by fire safety requirements.
- Connecting a chimney - installation of a heating stove and chimney in a wooden house are closely interconnected. The stove is located where it will be easier to connect the chimney in compliance with fire safety requirements.
- Ease of maintenance - to fire and clean the stove, you will need a sufficient distance towards the opening of the combustion chamber door. Furnace equipment with panoramic glass provides the opportunity to admire a live flame; this feature is also taken into account when choosing a location
- Fire breaks - from the heating surfaces of the stove body to the walls made of combustible materials, leave a distance of 110-125 cm. In the direction of the opening fire door, at least 125 cm.
Kinds
To understand the material, it is worth clarifying some definitions:
- Furnaces are devices designed for the complete combustion of various types of solid materials for heating the premises of objects, such as locally assembled installations from fire-resistant materials - bricks, fire-resistant concrete, fire-retardant pastes, non-flammable mastics; or in the factory from metal alloys.
- Fireplaces are types of stoves, characterized by a larger area of open combustion openings and the absence of smoke circulation.
- A chimney or chimney is a shaft of rectangular or circular cross-section, necessary to create an upward draft of heated smoke products of the combustion process and discharge them into the atmosphere.
The smoke channel or pipe can be of several types:
- mounted, resting on the ceilings of construction sites;
- wall, passing inside the main walls;
- indigenous, resting on the foundations of buildings, floors, next to the heating unit.
Retreat
- open;
- closed.
Fire retreat
Cuttings
- to combustible structures of a construction site;
- to structures protected with wet plaster over a metal mesh and other fire-resistant materials.
Combustible materials in the ceiling can also be protected with fire-retardant plasters and fire-resistant (fireproof) plasterboard.
Fire cutting
Types of foundations for a stove in a wooden house
There are several types of foundations used for furnace equipment, each of which has its own characteristics, design and operation features.
When choosing a suitable foundation, consider the following:
- Installation cost – the price of building materials, installation and preparatory work is taken into account.
- Characteristics of the foundation and soil characteristics - the choice is based on the total weight of the structure, the type of soil (clayey, sandy, black soil, stone).
- Dimensions of the foundation for the stove in the house - depending on the area occupied by the stove equipment, the total weight of the structure, the required type of foundation is calculated.
Additionally, several other factors are taken into account. The choice of foundation is influenced by the time of manufacture of the foundation (in an already finished building or simultaneously with the construction of the house), the qualifications of the craftsman, weather conditions, speed of work, etc.
All existing foundations are usually classified into several groups:
- On stilts and pillars.
- Concrete bases.
The stove, subject to certain conditions, can be installed directly on the floor.
Foundations on piles and pillars
The base is made in three ways:
- Screw piles are a method that requires material investments. The advantage of using screw piles is the speed of installation. During installation, a worker drives a steel screw into the ground. The steel pillar will be the basis of the future foundation. The piles are tied together, after which a concrete pad is poured on top. The work only takes 1-2 days. You can even put a heavy cast-iron stove lined with brick on a screw foundation. The only drawback is the limited service life. The steel base rots after 50-60 years of use.
Bored piles - in this case, holes of sufficient depth and diameter are drilled with a drill. The resulting cavity is reinforced with a mesh to prevent soil from falling out. Knit a reinforcing structure. After reinforcement, the pillars are filled with concrete mixture.
Columnar piles - the process of installing the foundation is the same as in the case of using bored structures. The difference is that ready-made concrete or wooden pillars are used. Massive structures with a large weight load are installed on a columnar foundation. This is the design that is used in the construction of multi-storey buildings.
If you want to make a foundation for a stove in a wooden house with your own hands, without involving outside help, it is better to choose a pile structure, which is easy to install and does not require (with the exception of a screw device) serious material investments.
Concrete bases
The most common type of foundation used for furnace installations is a monolithic foundation made of concrete with mandatory reinforcement.
Concrete foundations are made in two ways:
- Strip foundation - a trench is dug along the perimeter of the structure below the freezing point. A metal frame made of reinforcement is installed. The structure is poured with concrete. The strip foundation of the stove cannot be connected to the foundation of the house. The foundation of the building is squeezed out of the ground in winter. The intensity of the “walking” of the walls, the rise from the ground varies, reaching 20-30 cm. If you make a common foundation, this will lead to the destruction of the brick cladding, and often to the deformation of a steel stove decorated like a brick. In any case, SNiP imposes a strict ban on making a common foundation for a stove and a residential building.
Concrete slab is another popular solution. The slab is poured with a thickness of 15-20 cm. If installed correctly, the result is a monolithic base that can withstand almost any load. To level and evenly distribute the weight, you will need to make a gravel-sand cushion under the foundation. The layer is thoroughly compacted with plenty of water. After filling, a layer of waterproofing is laid, beacons are placed, along which a concrete screed is poured. To prevent the slab from cracking, freshly poured concrete is covered with oilcloth. The base is watered for 2 weeks.
Floor placement (floor installation)
Existing building codes for installing a home heating stove in a wooden house allow the installation of equipment that does not have cladding directly on a wooden floor. When installing on the second floor, you will need to strengthen the logs with metal corners and channels.
To prevent fire, the tree is protected with a metal sheet or a clay-brick layer. Otherwise, installing a wood-burning stove in a wooden house yourself is not difficult.
How to make a screen for a sauna stove - options and solutions from an expert
In a home bath there is always some possibility of a burn from careless handling of the stove. This is a fairly serious danger - the operating temperature of the sauna stove is very high. However, this problem can be solved very easily by installing protective screens for sauna stoves, which will be discussed in this article.
The screen for a sauna stove simultaneously functions as a fence and protection. The fact is that the fire-resistant shield is mounted in those areas where contact is possible between the walls of the steam room, various objects located in the room, and the stove itself. It is worth noting that the protective fence does not block the passage of heat into the steam room, but only protects the stove from contact.
Installing a chimney in a wooden house
The combustion temperature inside the firebox of a solid fuel stove is at the level of 450-550°C. The surface of the chimney heats up to 300°C. When soot ignites, short-term heating to 800-1000°C is possible. Due to high temperatures, fire breaks must be provided when installing metal chimney pipes.
Existing PPB rules stipulate compliance with the following conditions:
- Chimney type - it is recommended to install a sandwich pipe made of stainless steel and ceramics with thermal insulation.
Breaks and thermal insulation materials - in places where they adjoin the walls, the pipe is removed from the surface by 25 cm. The walls are covered with basalt cardboard, followed by sheathing with stainless or galvanized steel.
Protective screen manufacturing technology
The basis for creating a thermal barrier is sheet non-combustible material. Glass-magnesite (SML) or mineralite slabs are used as such materials. Their installation is carried out through a sleeve, on a wooden frame or directly on the wall surface. The safest way to install this protective layer is to install it on self-tapping screws through a special metal or ceramic sleeve with a length of 3 cm. An example of the location of the thermal barrier with an illustration of the appearance of the sleeve is shown in the image below.
How to protect a country house from fire when installing a stove
Fire regulations require protection of walls and floors made of combustible materials when using solid fuel heating equipment. Fire prevention measures include:
- Use of thermal insulation materials with a high degree of fire resistance to protect walls and ceilings at the installation site.
- Application of fire protection: impregnations and mastics.
Safe installation of the furnace and the use of fire prevention products are a mandatory requirement for the operation of furnace equipment.
How to cover the walls and ceiling when installing an iron stove
The part of the ceiling located above the stove and at the point where the chimney passes, as well as the adjacent walls, experience severe thermal stress. The following fire safety conditions and measures are considered mandatory:
- The ceiling is made of non-combustible materials. The use of wooden and plastic panels is not allowed. It is optimal to use gypsum fiber boards treated with gypsum putty for painting.
- The walls are protected with basalt cardboard followed by sheathing with steel sheets. For convenience, we use ready-made protective decorative wall screens made of stainless steel, which have a beautiful appearance and provide a high degree of safety. The walls are protected with plaster with a thickness of at least 3 cm, as well as brickwork.
Fire safety requirements for installing a metal stove in a wooden house are described in detail in SNiP 31-05-2003 and SP 118.13330.2012.
Fire retardant treatment of wooden structures
Where the stove is installed, wooden walls are protected using fire retardants: mastics and impregnations. Load-bearing structures and beams must be processed. Fire retardants are applied to the walls and floors where the furnace equipment is installed.
Mastics and impregnations have been developed for protection. The former provide better fire protection, the latter are almost colorless.
The order of installation regarding fire safety measures specified by the manufacturer is specified in the technical documentation. Fire protection work is carried out by representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. You can take measures to prevent fire yourself, but before putting the stove into operation, you will need to obtain a certificate from the inspector of the Ministry of Emergency Situations about the fulfillment of all requirements of the safety regulations.
Detailed parameters for installing a solid fuel heating country stove are described in the technical documentation attached to the heaters of leading European and Russian factories. Compliance with the described rules is mandatory.
Small brick stoves without a foundation are great for country houses or temporary buildings, especially if the building is already ready, and there is no way to build a foundation for the stove in it. You can install a small stove on a regular floor, even a wooden one, as long as it is made of thick enough boards. Being equipped with a cast iron hob, it can be used not only for heating, but also for cooking. At the same time, this unit is more convenient to use than steel stoves, since it emits heat softly and can accumulate it in sufficient quantities (you have to add firewood less often).
It is not always possible to allocate space for a stove foundation, but there are stove options where a foundation is not required.
Many owners of already built country houses do not dare to build such a unit due to reluctance or lack of opportunity to build a foundation for the stove. In such a situation, you can build a miniature brick oven without a foundation.
Features of installing metal protection
Installation of a metal screen is usually carried out in such a way as to create a structure like a box. The outside is stainless steel or sheet metal coated with heat-resistant paint. As a result, an air gap appears between the metal sheets, which ensures good thermal insulation.
There are holes in the lower part of the structure that provide air circulation and prevent overheating of the metal box. To implement such protection, you can use one of two schemes.
A polished metal sheet is selected, which has much better heat transfer. As a rule, such screens are used on the rear walls of the furnace, preventing heat loss. Of course, you should not attach this protection directly to the wall - the risk of fire will increase many times over.
For proper installation, it is necessary to place a non-combustible layer between the protection and the wall so that there is air space behind the sheet. There should also be a short distance from the protection to the floor - this allows air to blow across the screen, removing heat.
If necessary, a stone partition can be reinforced with a metal screen to maximize the effect. The only thing worth noting here is that a stainless steel screen for a sauna stove is much better than a screen with a matte surface, which performs its functions much worse.
To implement such a scheme, thermal insulation is first laid on the wall, and then metal protection is placed on top of it. The design will largely depend on the chosen insulation.
Depending on the selected thermal insulation, the arrangement of the protective screen will look like this:
- When using rolled material, the cladding is created in such a way that the distance between the planks is slightly less than the width of the material. The insulation is placed between the planks and fixed with special dowels with a large head.
- If mineral cardboard or asbestos sheet is used as a heat-insulating material, then it must first be attached to the wall, and the metal sheet is fixed on top.
To maximize the effectiveness of the protective barriers, it is also worth installing a floor screen that is placed under the stove.
Materials, components and tools necessary for work
Here are the materials you will need to make a standard brick oven of this type:
- stove brick (red): 60 pcs.;
- fireclay bricks: 37 pcs.;
- clay-based solution: 20 l.
Tools for laying a stove.
- doors for the firebox and ash pan;
- grates or solid grate;
- flap;
- cast iron stove with burners.
The master should have the following tools in his arsenal:
- building level and plumb line;
- rule;
- trowel (a tool for applying and leveling the solution);
- hammer-pick (this tool is convenient for chopping bricks);
You will also need a tape measure or folding meter.
