Homemade bathhouse stoves used in the arrangement of a bathhouse complex allow the wishes and requirements for this equipment of the owner of the bathhouse complex to be taken into account as much as possible.
The selection of a model and the creation of a sauna stove with your own hands should be approached with special attention, the fact is that this structural element is one of the main ones, the normal and comfortable operation of the entire complex as a whole largely depends on it.
The stove installed in the bathhouse performs two main functions:
- Due to the heat generated by the stove, water is heated for use during bath procedures.
- Due to the release of energy during fuel combustion, the air in the room is heated before using the steam room.
The most common homemade sauna stoves are iron structures.
Before you start making a homemade metal sauna stove, you should develop a general drawing of the device and drawings of its individual components.
What is a metal sauna stove
The simplest example is the famous potbelly stove. Cylindrical vertical stoves are similar to a potbelly stove, but sauna stoves are equipped with a heater and a tank for heating water.
Otherwise, there is nothing unusual in the design of a steam room stove: the body, the firebox, the ash pan, the grates, the outlet for connecting the chimney pipe, to which the pipe is connected.
The heating time of the entire house, the microclimate in the steam room and the comfort of those who like to take a steam bath depend on a properly made and installed do-it-yourself sauna stove.
Carrying out installation work to install the furnace structure
Upon completion of installation work on installing the furnace, a tank for heating water is installed.
To install the tank, a round steel blank with a metal thickness of at least 9 mm is welded to the bottom of the short pipe. A hole with a diameter of 150 mm is made in the welded circle. A steel semicircle is mounted on the top of the tank. A hole is made in this structural element for the smoke exhaust pipe. The open half of the upper part of the tank is closed with a lid having a semicircular shape. The lid is attached to a semicircular piece that was previously welded to the water tank. After completion of the installation work on installing and assembling the tank, a chimney pipe is installed through the prepared holes. A hole is made in the lower part of the tank to attach a faucet designed to drain hot water.
In the process of carrying out installation work to install the structure in the premises of the bath complex, you should remember several rules that must be followed during the work:
- the combustion chamber doors should be located opposite the entrance door;
- installation of a furnace made of metal requires the creation of a foundation for the structure; when creating a foundation for the structure, it is recommended to use refractory bricks;
- Experts recommend that when installing a metal heating unit, cover it with bricks, this will improve fire safety.
In order to be completely confident in the correct assembly and installation of the unit, it is recommended to invite a specialist in the field of stove heating to check.
After completion of all design and installation work, a test run of the furnace should be carried out. Testing of the device should be carried out in the bathhouse complex in the absence of strangers.
Advantages of metal stoves
The advantages of using a home-made iron sauna stove:
- The metal structure heats up easily and quickly releases heat. This quality of a sauna stove is especially important if the sauna is located outside the city and no one permanently lives on the site - in this case, there is no one to heat the sauna in advance;
- durability;
- small dimensions - this is especially important for a small house and a compact steam room;
- the steel structure can be moved and transported to another place (unlike its brick counterparts);
- the steel body resists fire for a long time and does not burn out;
- maintainability - a hole in the firebox or tank can be simply welded, the shape of the tank or heater can be changed, a fence can be welded, etc.;
- “omnivorous” stove - although traditionally sauna stoves are heated with wood, you can put any other solid fuel in the firebox - coal, pellets, peat, briquettes;
- a wood-burning sauna stove is easy to make with your own hands;
- the cost of a homemade structure is low, especially if the materials for it were purchased at the price of scrap metal;
- you can use some factory-made elements - for example, a door and a grate;
- metal stoves are easy to use.
Types of stoves intended for heating bath complexes
Most often, classic stove structures made of brick and metal are used for heating.
Brick structures have a significant drawback - they have significant weight, which requires the manufacture of a foundation base when using such a structure. To build such furnace equipment, refractory and red fired bricks are used, as well as a mortar made from clay and sand as a binder. Cement-based mortar is not used when creating such a structure, since under the influence of high temperatures the cement mortar cracks and the structure loses its integrity. When creating a brick structure, the bricks should be laid in a certain order.
Metal stoves are made of steel and cast iron. These structures are more compact compared to brick units. Metal units have a higher heat transfer rate.
The most modern modification of the bath heating unit has two combustion chambers in its design. The first chamber of such a device is intended for burning solid fuel, and the second chamber is intended for afterburning the flammable gas formed in the first chamber. The efficiency of such an improved model compared to the classic one increases by 20%.
The main disadvantage of such metal structures is the presence of a large surface area, which heats up to a high temperature. This design feature can cause burns. An installation for heating a bath room with two combustion chambers is called gas. Before constructing a homemade gas stove for a bath, you should study the design of this device in detail, and, if necessary, consult with a specialist who has experience in creating such installations. The fact is that mistakes made during the creation of the unit can provoke emergency situations with unpredictable consequences.
Flaws
Disadvantages of metal homemade stoves:
- the metal quickly gives off heat after the fuel has finished burning, so almost the entire time you relax in the bathhouse, the stove has to be heated;
- for a large house, one stove may not be enough for heating;
- uneven heating of the steam room - it’s hot near the stove, cool at a distance;
- You can burn yourself if you touch metal. To do this, a fence is sometimes mounted around the stove body;
- A metal sauna stove is not fireproof enough. The nearest wall must be insulated from the hot walls of the furnace;
- not very presentable appearance.
Positive and negative qualities of metal sauna stoves
There cannot be a steam room without a stove, because it is it that heats the room and maintains the desired temperature. Nowadays you can find a wide range of different options. But it’s best to make the oven yourself.
The advantages of a metal device include:
- actions are carried out quickly, and at the same time not very expensive, this can be done autonomously with basic knowledge and experience;
- a significant part of the models are compact, so they are suitable for small saunas;
- rapid heating of the steam room to the required temperature, even in winter;
- the mechanism can last a long time, it all depends on the welding condition and the thickness of the metal;
- economical fuel consumption;
- easy to use, even a person who does not have the proper skills can handle it.
An iron stove has negative qualities, these are:
- low heat capacity, it is not enough to heat the rest room;
- excessively rapid cooling, so you need to heat it regularly;
- the walls heat up and nearby objects can catch fire.
It is not easy to determine which stove is best for a bath; there are a lot of design qualities.
Why do you make sauna stoves yourself?
The main reason why they manufacture equipment on their own is the opportunity to save money.
Before deciding to weld a bathhouse stove with your own hands or buy a ready-made, inexpensive factory-made model, it makes sense to carefully analyze whether the owner of the bathhouse has the skills (at least minimal) of a welder and whether it is possible to use a welding machine.
You can rent a welder or from friends. The services of a welder with equipment are quite expensive, but if the material is purchased inexpensively, then you can use the services of an invited welder.
Recommendations from specialists for installing an iron sauna stove
The main point is the presence of a high-quality foundation. Afterwards, it is necessary to take a number of measures aimed at fire safety, which are as follows:
- A metal stove should be installed at a distance of at least 100 cm from the wall.
- To avoid fire in the room, it is necessary to cover the walls located in the immediate vicinity of the structure with foil and heat-insulating material, which will enable wooden walls to avoid ignition.
- An iron stove requires chimney insulation. You can resort to sandwich pipes.
- It is imperative to build a brick sarcophagus on top of an iron stove. Its appearance will improve, and safety from possible burns when touching the hot metal walls of the oven will increase.
Sauna stove design
Bath stoves of any device have a body in which the combustion chamber is located. Below the firebox there is a blower, between them there is a grate. The heater can be installed in the body or welded to the sides of the body.
Most often, a tank for heating water is installed on the stove - preferably made of stainless steel. A chimney is connected to the top of the stove.
Ovens come in vertical and horizontal types – and they have their pros and cons.
Stove for a mobile sauna from the store
The market for such stoves is not that big; it is far from conventional stationary ones. We will describe everything that we managed to find in our review.
PoshehonStar products
]PoshehonStar[/anchor] produces stoves for mobile baths in the form of a series under the general name “Poshehonka”. It includes three ovens, differing in size and power.
Photo by PoshehonStar
Here are the parameters of each of the models presented by the manufacturer:
| “Poshekhonka Malaya”: | "Poshekhonka Middle": | “Big Poshekhonka”: | |
| Volume | 15 l | 30 l | 45 l |
| Weight | 3.5 kg | 5 kg | 6.5 kg |
| Dimensions | 23x23x50 cm | no data | 30x30x65 cm |
| Firebox dimensions | 23x23x33 cm | 25x25x50 cm | 30x30x50 cm |
Wall thickness 0.5 mm, chimney pipe thickness 0.4 mm. According to the manufacturer, alloyed non-magnetic stainless steel AISI 304 . The fact that it is non-magnetic is good, which means it is heat resistant.
By the way! Pay attention to the brand. AISI 430 is more common.
The company also hopes that the stove will serve the owner for at least five years, but they only provide a one-year warranty.
The kit includes: a prefabricated chimney of 5 straight and two angled (45 degrees) pipes, a bag-cover, metal trim for installation in a tent.
There is no steam generator , steam is obtained from stones, for this they need to be placed on the top of the stove, or better yet on some kind of tray to accommodate more.
In addition to being used in a camping sauna, “Poshekhonka” is suitable for cooking food and heating a tent (this applies to most camping stoves).
Continuous burning time from 5 to 10 hours - this parameter depends on the model. In larger ones, burning takes longer.
Products
The line of camping stoves is represented by three models of different power: “Gorynych”, “Yarilo”, “Gromila”.
The material from which they are made is AISI 430 , the thickness of the parts is 0.4-0.8 mm. The heat resistance limit of this steel grade is 850 degrees.
| "Gorynych" | "Yarilo" | "Thug" | |
| Weight | 6 kg | 8 kg | 9 kg |
| Firebox volume | 12.5 l | 20 l | 25 l |
| Dimensions (LSHV) | 400x280x300 | 460x360x380 | 520x380x400 |
photo by manufacturer gorynych.rf
The delivery set is the same for all models: stove, damper, dismountable chimney, legs, poker, spark arrester, steam generator.
The presence of a steam generator eliminates the need to search for and heat stones. It does an excellent job of releasing steam at the beginning of the fire. Therefore, stoves with a steam generator are in demand and popular.
The cylindrical shape used in the design is good because it is not affected by heat and temperature changes. And in order to reduce the thermal load on the ends, they are made in the shape of cones and filled with Rockwool mineral wool.
In addition, Gorynych furnaces have a protective casing and a spark arrestor - both greatly contribute to fire safety. The spark arrester is represented by two devices: inside the stove it is a flame arrester, and at the top of the chimney it is an “umbrella”.
If desired, you can also purchase 6.5 liter water tank corner chimney segments . Stoves with a water tank have a fairly wide range of advantages, which is why they are in demand among customers.
Diesel and gas modules for the same models are also available
Products
The Bereg Bannaya stove is made of the same grade of steel as that of Gorynych - AISI 430, thickness is 0.8 mm throughout.
The delivery set from the manufacturer includes: a furnace, a spark arrestor, a removable door, a glass for oxygen supply, stationary IR radiation screens, legs and a chimney.
By the way, the same screens are also a box for stones , where up to 20 kg of them can fit.
Firebox dimensions (DShV) 520x195x180 mm.
Stove dimensions (DSHV) 700x280x415 mm.
Weight 11.5 kg.
Products
Stove for a mobile sauna Altai. Teplodar Photos
The Altai stove from a Russian manufacturer has the following dimensions:
VShG 615x880x425 mm.
Weight 14 kg
Material: heat-resistant, high-alloy steel. The manufacturer does not indicate the brand.
Stones are not needed, because there is a steam generator , and a proprietary one - multi-section, high-speed.
The steam room is ready in 10-20 minutes. The volume of the heated room is up to 70 cubic meters.
The oven also has a convection casing, which enhances air exchange and protects against fires and burns.
The stove has a glass door , a folding chimney, legs, a passage unit made of non-flammable material, and a bag.
Reviews of this stove said that the glass door often breaks while camping , and the actual weight of the stove in the bag is not 14, but 18-19 kg. The steam generator did not cause any complaints.
Products
“Tourist stove for a camp bath”, manufacturer - Invest Group. It is made of stainless steel with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 mm. The designers provided a box for stones that can hold 10-20 kg.
Delivery set: prefabricated chimney, legs, ash pan.
The stove has a flame arrester, thanks to which the efficiency of the stove is higher. In addition, the device prevents sparks from burning the awning.
The burning time of one bookmark is from 1 to 4 hours - this parameter depends on the fuel.
Power 4 kW, volume of heated room 50 cubic meters.
The weight of the unit is 15 kg.
Dimensions 550x400x250 mm.
Oven Economy. Photo Invest Group
Products
Stove "Pichuga"
Suitable for saunas, heating tents and cooking food. The set includes: chimney, legs and bag.
Dimensions of the VShG: 570x230x550 mm.
There is no steam generator , but there is a spark arrestor.
Weight 15 kg.
On the Termofor website there is no “Pichuga” in the catalog , but there is another stove for a mobile bath - “Duplet”. It is said about it that it is made of heat-resistant steel. The delivery set includes: a bag and a chimney.
Doublet oven. Photo Termofor
There is no steam generator either.
Products
The manufacturer’s line of camping stoves includes: “Parobomba-3”, “Gravitsapa KTs-1”, “Mediana-5”, “Sogra-3”.
"Steam Bomb-3"
Delivery set: convector, steam generator, cover, chimney, crown. tray for stones.
The manufacturer gives the owner the opportunity to choose when obtaining steam - from stones, or from a steam generator, which, by the way, is two-sectional and heats the steam to more than 600 degrees . And in order not to get cooked from such a temperature, the steam is not discharged into the tent, but under the convector casing . That's why it doesn't burn.
The volume of the firebox is 49 liters, the volume of the steam generator is 5.8 liters.
Stove diameter 380 mm, height with podium 880 mm.
Weight 19.4 kg.
Video
The offsite made sure that buyers have a complete understanding of their products; a detailed overview is provided:
"Gravitsapa KTs-3"
The set includes stoves: convector, cover, chimney, crown, superheater segment, shelf-bottom for stones.
Oven diameter 380 mm. Height with podium 810 mm.
Weight 13 kg.
Firebox diameter 270 mm.
Firebox height 400 mm.
Firebox volume 23 liters.
There is a steam generator , like the “Steam Bomb”, and a place for stones.
"Mediana-5"
A camping sauna stove, but with the ability to cook food on it. The cooking surface is reinforced with stiffening ribs.
Camping stove Median-5. Mobib Photos
Stove weight 16.6 kg (including chimney).
Dimensions (LW): 620x280x610 mm (with legs).
Firebox volume 29 liters.
Firebox depth 40 cm.
An improved convector, which prevents the floor from overheating.
Improved lock on the door - does not knock on the road.
There is a built-in spark arrester.
The model does not have a steam generator , but you can steam from stones. The manufacturer recommends light round stones, the size of a goose egg or slightly larger.
IMPORTANT! Cold air outside the tent causes the chimney to quickly become clogged with soot. With a new firebox, the old soot heats up and can separate, fly out into the chimney, fall on the awning and burn it. Therefore, you need to clean the chimney once a day . At the very least, you should tap the cold pipe so that the soot falls down. Those who don’t want to clean can buy a spark-proof cape for the awning.
Useful video
Review of "Medians-5" from
According to Sogra-3, it can easily be used as a sauna heater. But the main purpose of this model is still heating a cottage, garage or greenhouse . The fact is that Sogra-3 is a highly efficient long-burning stove - one fill is enough for continuous heating for 10 hours .
Of course, it can be useful on a long hike - to heat the tent. In addition, you can cook food on it.
This stove weighs 11.5 kg .
Dimensions (LW): 600x330x470 mm.
The firebox volume of the Sogra-3 stove is 25 liters.
Material: heat-resistant stainless steel.
The delivery set includes: convector, spark arrester, hob, cover. chimney, legs.
Video
Review:
Burn duration testing:
Yes, from the video you learned that Mobiba also produces the Dune stove. But this model is not intended for use on hikes. In essence, this is a simplified Sogra that does not have a spark arrestor . And it is for this reason that it is not suitable for installation in a tent. The main purpose is heating of country and tourist houses. Weight 8.1 kg.
***
This concludes our review, and the choice of a camping stove is still yours.
Vertical model
A vertical stove for a bathhouse, made by yourself, is most similar to a potbelly stove. The body is elongated in height, the heater tanks are located on top. Kamenka is closed. The heater heats up when hot smoke moves through the stones. The tank is located above the heater. The pipe in such models is mounted - it is mounted on the furnace body from above.
It is possible that the body will have to weld an additional box with a door, and cut a hole in the body for the firebox - and take the firebox into the dressing room. In this model, you can also weld the heater on the side.
Tools and materials necessary for the manufacture of metal heating structures
When constructing a heating device for a bath complex with your own hands, you will need to prepare the necessary materials and tools before carrying out the work.
To work you will need to prepare:
- a metal pipe with a length of 1500 mm, a diameter of 500 mm, and the pipe wall thickness must be at least 10 mm;
- metal hooks – 10 pieces;
- metal loops – 10 pieces;
- stones for steam generation;
- metal rods.
In the process of creating a device, you will need the following working tools:
- welder;
- hand electric drill;
- device for cutting metal;
- building level.
Parts for the designed furnace are made from the prepared pipe. For this purpose, the pipe must be cut into 2 pieces. The pieces should have 900 and 600 mm lengths. A long piece of pipe will act as a firebox and a tray for placing stones for steam generation. A shorter piece of pipe is used as a base to create a tank designed to heat water.
After cutting the pipe into 2 parts, you can proceed directly to the process of manufacturing the stove structure.
Horizontal model
The body is positioned horizontally. In such models, the open heater is welded on the sides to the body. The outlet for combustion products is located on the side.
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The advantage of the horizontal model is that the door to the firebox can be moved into the rest room, so you don’t have to carry firewood into a humid room with steam.
In addition, such models heat the dressing room better - this is important if the bathhouse is spacious enough. The tank is usually hung from the end of the stove.
Design solutions for metal furnaces
In practice, the body of the heating device can be made:
- with a round body made from scraps of thick-walled pipe D 530-630 mm and a wall thickness of 8-12 mm;
- with square or rectangular body. A do-it-yourself iron bathhouse stove is made from a thick sheet and has a square or rectangular shape.
Types of fuel and types of stoves
Bathhouse stoves are divided into 2 main groups: metal (cast iron) and brick options. Brick sauna stoves are heat-intensive; they take longer to heat up, but also take a long time to cool down. An iron stove is an economical heating item due to its multitasking, simplicity and convenience of equipment. When choosing a stove or fireplace, you need to look not only at the design of the heat source, but also at the type of fuel. When burning the same mass, different fuels will release different amounts of heat. There are many variations of the energy carrier.
According to the aggregate content and type of fuel, all fuel groups are divided into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Solid is a common class of fuel, it includes: coal, peat, briquettes, firewood, pallets. They are used only in ordinary ovens as they burn quickly. Liquid fuels are kerosene, fuel oil, diesel, boiler, and coke liquid.
They have significant calorific value. The first type of gaseous fuel is natural gas, obtained from gas reservoirs, or associated gas from naphtha production. It has good calorific value.
Preparing for work
The easiest way is to make a metal sauna stove with your own hands from a piece of thick-walled pipe - you don’t have to weld the side seams of the body.
Before starting work, you need to draw a detailed sketch with dimensions - this will help when purchasing materials and when cutting and welding.
Oven dimensions
For a small room, a pipe D 530 or 630 mm is sufficient. Thin-walled pipes cannot be used - the wall thickness must be at least 8 mm. It is not advisable to take a pipe with a wall ≠ more than 12 mm - the stove will require more fuel and will take longer to heat up.
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Furnace height=pipe length – 1.4-1.6 m.
Homemade stove for a camp sauna
To begin with, let’s divide all the options into two classes: you can steam with a homemade stove “black and white . In the first case, the fire with wood ends up inside the tent, in the second, the stones are transferred from the fire to the tent, and the dirt remains outside.
However, you can do anything: someone waits for the wood to burn out, and then moves the frame with the awning so that the stones are inside. Some people only carry the frame and then pull up the awning. If you carry stones , then it is more convenient to do this along a pre-laid chute from the fire to the tent.
The main thing is that sparks from the fire do not burn through your sauna tent.
And this can be achieved in different ways - which one you prefer. By the way, there are also many ways to lay stones and firewood.
1st method “Sandwich”
Firewood and stones are laid on the ground in layers , starting with firewood, with the thickest logs 10-15 cm in diameter going down. Then a layer of stones. The fire begins to be lit when 3-4 layers . But during the combustion process, when the wood burns out, the stones of the lower layers mix, and you can add more layers to the top . It all depends on the planned number of stones.
The burning time of such a fire is at least 2 hours, and preferably more (up to 6). And the stones should get pretty hot.
2nd method “Pyramid”
In this case, first a pyramid of stones , which is lined with firewood on all sides. During the combustion process, new firewood is added until the stones in the pyramid warm up to the desired temperature. It's good if you can see that they glow crimson , but during the day it is difficult to see.
3rd method “U-shaped hearth”
To heat stones in this way, you must first lay out something like a hearth in the shape of the letter “P”. To do this, you will have to look for fairly flat stones that will resemble bricks. These “bricks” are used to build a hearth of such a height that it can accommodate a sufficient amount of firewood in the internal cavity. Brick kilns are analyzed in detail here.
The top of the hearth is covered with stones. This can also be done in different ways. You can simply carefully stack the stones so that they form a creviced arch. You can simplify the task by placing a grate , and laying a pyramid of stones on top of it.
4th method “Grid with stones”
In this case, in addition to the awning, you will also have to take with you a net for stones. Or even several grids, because in this case it is convenient to exchange the cooling ones for those that were waiting in the wings in the fire.
So, you need to make a cylinder from the mesh, cover it on one side with the same mesh (make the bottom), and fill it with stones on the spot and close the other end. Then the mesh is sent to the fire, heated up, transferred to the bathhouse, cooled with water and sent back to the fire. (That's why it's better to do several ).
5th method “Rod frame”
Another homemade product is a simple frame welded from a reinforcing bar , on which it is convenient to lay stones so that there is a “cave” for a fire inside. With it, you no longer need to look for flat stones.
6th method “Pipeline for sauna”
An original way to heat a tent and install a dry-air Finnish sauna in it is to adapt a long pipe to supply hot air. Please note that a separate section with several articles is devoted to sauna stoves.
To do this, you will need to choose a place with a difference in relief in order to in a low area , and place the tent higher , but within reach of the pipe.
The pipe closer to the end ( but not the end itself ) is passed through the fire so that it can freely draw in air from outside, heat it and lift it into the tent.
However, we did not mention homemade metal stoves. Here's why: they're heavy. An industrially manufactured stove for a camp sauna is made of heat-resistant stainless steel with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 mm . Typically this is AISI 430 . But it’s difficult to cook stainless steel yourself, so homemade stoves are made from thicker structural steel . And this dramatically increases their mass. Which is only acceptable when traveling by car or in a stationary bathhouse. Therefore, metal and in particular cast iron stoves are a popular type of units.
On a note! Even industrial stoves, except for a few really light models, weigh 15-20 kg, despite the fact that manufacturers lighten their weight as much as possible.
Foundation structure
The location for a stove made by hand from metal is determined during the design process - a foundation must be poured under the stove. Under a light wooden bathhouse there may not be a strip foundation - only a columnar one.
Therefore, the foundation for the stove is often poured separately from the foundation of the house. The best option is to pour a concrete foundation with reinforcement. The minimum dimensions are 1x1m or 1x1.5 for a horizontal oven.
The top of the concrete is covered with two layers of fire-resistant solid red brick in a mortar of clay and sand (the cement mortar will crack from the heat). The foundation should be raised 300 mm above the floor. The top is covered with steel sheet.
Construction of metal furnaces
Metal is a more malleable material than ceramics; it can be melted and cast, drilled, cut, bent, and forged. There is a considerable amount of metal processing. Basically, when making a stove with your own hands from metal, you need to focus on its quality. The metals used for the production of the heating mechanism are: ordinary steel, heat-resistant variations of steel, surrogates and cast iron.
The second step will be to create a stove and choose the type of its design. The dressing comes in different forms, the main thing is to follow the joining technology. For this, there are diagrams where the structural properties of all elements are depicted in detail. It can be created with an open or covered heater. Carefully take into account the dimensions of the bath itself. The elementary design should consist of a water tank and a firebox, and definitely have a tube, a rod and a grate.
It should also have strong latches. To remove the results of combustion, it is advisable that the stove be equipped with a chimney pipe. And also a tap that will be mounted on a water tank. Not all stoves look harmonious in the interior of the house; this problem can be solved by removing the portal for the sauna stove with your own hands.
Differences between metal stoves for baths and saunas
Steam rooms in a sauna and a bathhouse have impressive differences, these are the temperature and dryness of the air. In the bathhouse, the temperature varies from 50 to 70 degrees, resulting in the formation of soft steam. The temperature in the sauna is above 85 degrees Celsius, the steam comes out dry. To create certain conditions in the steam room, different stoves and various approaches to their installation are used.
To build a sauna, it is necessary to maintain maximum contact between the stove shell and air in order to ensure rapid circulation of air flows along the walls.
It all comes down to heating the air faster. In the bathhouse, the microclimate is organized in a different way, where a high temperature is reached and a lot of steam is generated. To achieve the effects, stones are placed in a firebox, that is, in a closed heater. A small heater is placed above the firebox, which helps heat the stones to 250 degrees Celsius.
The next difference is that metal sauna stoves are convection, and all baths are organized in such a way as to avoid thermal convection without any trace. Convection in the usual syllable is the movement of air inside a room.
Do-it-yourself stoves for Russian baths
The current Russian bathhouse is a small house made of timber or logs. Inside, as a rule, there is a division into 2 rooms, namely a dressing room and a steam room. A stove for a Russian bath is not just a heating mechanism, it is its most important accessory. The temperature, dryness and heating level of the steam room depend on it. There are many categories of sauna stoves.
But not everyone is suitable for a Russian bath. The fundamental difference will be warming the air to a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius, while creating steam between 60 and 80 percent. As a result, so-called weak steam is formed in the steam room.
This is a pleasant, moderately or almost non-burning velvety steam. In a true Russian bath you can breathe nicely and simply, and your skin will not experience severe thermal stress.
Often a brick or steel stove is installed in a bathhouse. All these materials heat up well and transfer heat well to the room. There are no stamps for the construction of stoves; only the general principles of architecture and construction are observed.
Brief description and dimensions of the metal stove
An iron sauna stove can effectively heat small rooms. It is created by a covered, open and combined design. The mechanism has a tank for heating water and a heater built into the upper part of the stove. The closed device consists of 3 compartments, this is a chamber with a blower, a heater and a hole for steam outlet, and a tank for heating water.
An open-type installation has a metal grate on which stones are placed, which is located above the combustion chamber. There are no barriers between the firebox and the stones. Combined devices of this group are distinguished from others by the presence of an enlarged combustion chamber, equipped with double bolts and grates.
Fire from all edges heats the heater, and this significantly increases the productivity of the stove. The volume of the oven varies; during its construction, the parameters of the steam room and the number of people washing in it are taken into account.
The size of the heating system depends on the strength of the heating system. The higher the coefficient, the more fuel needs to be burned. For ideal air heating, the parameters of a sauna stove must be as follows: the ratio of the size of the firebox to the area of the heated room is 1:50 or 1:70, the depth of the firebox opening is 1:2 or 2:3, and the volume of the firebox to the cross-section of the chimney should be in proportion 1: 10.
A heat exchanger for a sauna stove is a technical unit that heats the incoming liquid and then transfers it to a hanging container.
Design features of a metal furnace firebox
The furnace firebox is the most important element of any hearth. It sets the characteristics of the furnace, since the heating speed and the quality of the steam produced depend on it. A firebox or firebox is a device for burning organic fuel. Fireboxes are made from different materials, are designed for different types of fuel, and have different sizes.
A metal or ready-made furnace firebox is a high-tech device that is more economical in fuel consumption. Its efficiency depends on proper design.
The classic firebox for sauna stoves consists of the following basic elements:
- front is the front part of the combustion space where the loading door is located;
- the head wall, where, depending on the furnace mechanism, an outlet window for removing flue gases may be located;
- the arch of the firebox or ceiling where the exit window is located;
- sole - the lower horizontal part of a closed combustion volume.
It can be internal, located directly inside the furnace, or external, this is a tunnel passage; fuel can be loaded from another room.
What are metal sauna stoves made of?
An iron sauna stove is a classic version of long-burning with a water outline. The device consists of a sealed metal box equipped with a combustion door and an exhaust pipe.
To produce metal sauna stoves with your own hands, you will need raw materials and parts:
- a steel sheet with a thickness of approximately 8 millimeters;
- doors for the firebox, blower and heater;
- tap water;
- grate;
- chimney pipe.
When carrying out the equipment, it is necessary to use thick metal, so the device will predominantly generate heat when heated.
Manufacturing stages
Sequence of work on making a stove with your own hands from metal:
- cut holes in a larger piece of pipe - for the blower 100x200 mm, for the firebox 300x350 mm, for the heater - 300x200 mm;
- cut a circle from a piece of thick metal ≠ 12 mm. The diameter is equal to the inner D of the body. Internal D is measured in several places - pipes come with ovality - a violation of geometry. This sheet will separate the ash pan from the firebox. A large hole is cut and the grates are welded - rods D no less than 18-20 mm;
- the circle is welded between the firebox and the blower;
- they make doors for ashlars, heaters and fireboxes. It is better to cut them from a piece of pipe, but they can also be cut from sheet steel. Weld purchased hinges and a latch. The hinges are welded to the body;
- Between the firebox and the heater, a grate is welded (the same as above the blower) or a fine grid of rods D 18-20 mm. The distance from the top of the pipe to the heater grate is 350-400 mm, the door must be moved to the top of the pipe (at a distance of 100 mm from the top edge);
- The stones are selected large enough so that they do not spill into the firebox. Stones are laid;
- A strip of sheet 5-6 cm wide is welded on top of the pipe - it is necessary to secure the tank so that it does not move sideways on the stove. The thickness of the strip is small - 5-8 mm;
- cut a circle from the sheet for the bottom of the tank. A hole is first cut in the bottom and a flue gas outlet pipe is welded. In a DIY sauna stove tank, the chimney runs through the tank;
- The top of the tank is covered with two sheets - a cut circle with a hole for the pipe and a small side lid for pouring water. An incomplete circle is welded to the tank body. The lid should be of such a size that the tank can be washed. A handle is welded to the lid;
- a threaded tube is welded to the tank and a tap is screwed onto it;
- The tank must be checked - add water and look for leaks;
- The tank is placed on the top of the furnace so that it is held in place by a welded strip.
A self-made sauna stove made of metal needs to be checked before installation in a permanent location. You need to heat it thoroughly outside and see if there are any uncooked places - smoke will come out of them, and these places need to be welded.
You can use store-bought doors with heat-resistant glass - the sight of fire has a fascinating effect on people.
General requirements for sauna stoves
If all the requirements for the installation for heating a bath room are met during the design process, the unit should turn out to be reliable and economical, and if certain design ideas are implemented, such an installation can also have an excellent appearance.
Regardless of the type of fuel used, the installation must have the following parameters:
- the unit must have high thermal power and a wide range of adjustment of this parameter;
- the unit must be equipped with a steam generator and a heat accumulator, which are designed to change the parameters of the release of thermal energy and steam;
- the unit should not have a large number of surfaces that can heat up to temperatures above 150 0C.
In addition to the specified technical parameters, when creating a stove with your own hands, the requirements for the size of the combustion chamber of the unit and the degree of fire safety must be met.
All types of heating units can be divided into 2 groups - cold and hot. Hot stoves are distinguished by the fact that they are able to heat up very quickly and heat the surrounding space. The walls of a hot stove can heat up to a temperature of 100 0C. This group of units is used in cases where the steam room of a bath is not used regularly, but from time to time. It should be noted that this type of unit has a significant drawback - using such an installation you can easily overheat the steam room.
Furnaces belonging to the cold variety require heating for much longer than units belonging to hot-type installations. The advantage of this type of installation for heating the bath space is that its walls do not heat up above 50 0C. This temperature of the walls prevents burns when the human body comes into contact with them.
When this type of unit operates, the room is heated by air circulation through certain channels . The air enters the channels of the structure cold, and passing through them, it is heated to the required temperature. The heating temperature of the ambient air is regulated by opening and closing the air channels.
