The chimney is an important part of heating appliances running on gas, solid or liquid fuel. In fireplaces, stoves, baths and boilers, it is important to maintain a certain level of draft in order to clean the air from combustion products. The correct choice of chimney pipe is the basis for the safe operation of the heating device. Errors in chimney construction can lead to life-threatening situations.
What is a chimney and how does it work
The chimney is one of the main components of your heating device, be it an old brick stove or an ultra-modern gas boiler. Your safety and budget depend on the free passage of flue gases through the chimney: with a well-designed and constructed chimney, the stove consumes much less fuel. Previously, chimneys were built by professional stove builders. Current technologies make it easy to do this yourself. Of course, you need to study the issue and carefully follow the drawing and manufacturing procedure.
Briefly about the main thing
A high-quality chimney for a bathhouse is a significant contribution to the comfort and safety of your holiday. When choosing a chimney system, they are guided by the size of the bathhouse and the power of the stove; this helps determine its working diameter and configuration.
Brick, asbestos cement, ceramics and various types of metal are used as materials for the construction of a chimney. Stainless steel construction is most often used as it has the most attractive combination of properties. The use of ceramic systems, as they are the most durable, looks promising. The Schiedel company manufactures and sells steel and ceramic chimneys in full factory readiness. Thanks to the use of modern technologies, all of them are designed for long-term stable operation, taking into account the safety and quality requirements of modern housing construction.
Additionally,
the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country” expresses its sincere gratitude to the specialists for their assistance in creating the material.Schiedel is an expert in smoke extraction - a manufacturer and supplier of chimney, stove and ventilation solutions.
For more information, visit schiedel.com
Ratings 0
Read later
What materials are they made from?
Chimneys are made of bricks or pipes; the latter are divided into chimneys made of stainless steel, iron sheet, asbestos-cement, fireclay, glass. Let's look at their design, advantages and disadvantages, and the ability to maintain even traction without jumps.
Brick
The most traditional of all. Advantages: durability; powerful thermal inertia: they immediately provide good traction, and when warming up, they adapt to the operation of the stove; will never give reverse thrust or its pulsation. Disadvantages: unsuitable for boilers, may result in burner flame failure and accident; a rectangular cross-section gives an uneven flow of gases, combustion products settle more strongly; difficult to build and repair; require a foundation due to heavy weight.
Ancient brick pipe with sleeve
Pipes
This is a much more practical type of chimney that can be used in all cases. Depending on the material, the pipes are different.
Asbestos cement pipes
Advantages: round; lungs; cheap; easy to install. Disadvantages: low heat resistance (used for furnaces with low flue gas temperatures, up to 3000); it is difficult to make a curved structure (rubber couplings are a bad solution); porous structure; rapid contamination by soot and, as a consequence, the possibility of its ignition.
Asbestos cement pipes in a stack
Ceramic
They consist of several parts: a chimney made of refractory ceramics, thermal insulation and a concrete body. Advantages: durable; round and smooth inside, so no need to clean them; have thermal insulation and tightness, fire resistance and heat resistance; easy to install; Suitable for any boilers, stoves, fireplaces. Disadvantage: expensive, difficult to repair and difficult to connect into a curved structure.
Ceramic pipe assemblies
Glass
Advantages: even more chemically neutral and even smoother than ceramic; durable. Disadvantages: expensive (100 times more expensive than steel); the rest are the same.
Fragment and chimney made of Schott glass - Rohrglas
Polymer
Are used only for sleeves. Advantages: easy to install, lightweight, flexible, cheap, durable. Disadvantages: fragile and cannot withstand high temperatures.
Polymer chimneys for fireplaces FuranFlex RVW
Lining is the insertion into an old, usually brick, chimney pipe of a liner in the form of a polymer, flexible metal corrugated or metal pipe for the restoration of the chimney.
Lining of brick chimneys with FuranFlex RVW polymer pipes
Steel
Steel chimneys are optimal in terms of price, quality, and ease of installation.
Video description
About brick, ceramic and steel chimneys in the following video:
- Pipes are quite fragile , so they need a casing for protection. Often the consumer is offered a product without a box and insulation, which leads to additional costs.
- The quality of ceramics varies , making some ceramic chimneys vulnerable to damp environments and acidic condensation.
Most of the shortcomings are neutralized in the UNI ceramic chimney.
Schiedel specialists have developed a system designed for all types of heating devices. The chimney has the following advantages:
- Safety . UNI is a system with a minimum level of heating of the external surface. All elements of the system meet fire safety requirements, which is confirmed by the VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia.
Features of the UNI chimney Source heatsystems.ru
- Quality . The UNI system is manufactured in accordance with all European and Russian requirements and internal standards. All ceramics for the Schiedel UNI system are produced in Germany, at the Schiedel plant.
- Equipment . The system is equipped with a decorative URATOP shell made of fiber concrete or a stone shell (made of expanded clay concrete blocks) with a front panel made of mineral fiber.
- Life time . All main components: ceramic pipe, insulation, stone shell have a guaranteed service life of 50 years.
The UNI ceramic chimney has been successfully sold in European countries since 1985, as evidenced by the title of sales leader; It has been sold on the Russian market since 2009. The system is used in low-rise and cottage construction, and it can be used both during the construction of new buildings and during reconstruction.
Method of fixing the ceramic system Source samstroy.com
Types of steel structures
There are two main types of chimneys according to their orientation relative to the heating device: straight (attached) and side (attached).
Straight chimneys
They are placed above the heating device, indoors and pass through the internal ceilings and through the roof. Most often, this is the best solution specifically for stoves. Advantages:
- Acid condensation does not fall out, or falls out only slightly, but the ease of passage of gases through a straight chimney is important.
- Less soot deposits, easy to clean yourself, and therefore less fire hazard.
- Works well without a gate draft regulator.
- Only the pipe on the roof is visible on the house, this is aesthetically pleasing.
Flaws:
- Passing through floors and roofs is more difficult than through a wall.
- Large unevenness of thrust, pulsating and even reverse thrust during gusts of wind. Therefore, for modern boilers with an emergency shutdown device, such a chimney is not suitable, even if equipped with a complex deflector.
A straight chimney passes through the ceilings and roof
Side tie-downs
The axis of such a structure does not coincide with the axis of the heating device. Advantages:
- Installation outside the house with a single passage through the wall.
- Ease of construction.
- The presence of a container for collecting acid condensate, completely eliminating its flow into the heating device.
- Even with the simplest fungus it works stably in strong winds, and if a deflector is mounted on it, the draft will always be direct and stable.
- Makes it possible to precisely regulate thrust due to low thermal inertia. This will always ensure optimal fuel consumption.
Flaws:
- In cold weather, condensation can turn into ice and burst the container. The container may freeze up to the tee, which will block the draft. Hence the need to place a container for condensate inside the house.
- The place through which the chimney exits to the outside is designed as a passage unit. But in winter, the unit absorbs moisture from the air, and the insulation can cake and settle. Then thermal stress will accumulate in the upper part of the assembly, which can cause a serious crack in the wall.
- The weight of a chimney, unlike an attached one, lies on the passage unit; this can also affect the insulation and cause the phenomena described above.
- Cleaning is quite difficult due to the bends of the chimney. A specialist is required.
A side, or attached, chimney runs along the outer wall of the house
Lateral internal
However, side chimneys can be located both inside the house and in the thickness of the wall, then contact with the roof cannot be avoided.
The difference in attached chimneys - outside and in the wall
No one type of chimney can definitely be called the best. Each of them is good in its place and depends on the conditions: type of heating device, roof structure and floor beams, wall material and type of chimney (single-wall or sandwich). The advantage of the attached side chimney is that in this case there is no need to go through the roof. But it is completely excluded in the case of single-wall pipes due to the cold in winter.
Installation recommendations
To carry out the work, you will have to purchase pipes whose length is 1 meter. The chimney in a house is made up of main parts. You will also need a tee for pipe inspection. It is important to buy a tee for collecting condensate, which is used to clean joints. If the pipe has turns equal to 45 degrees, then you will need corners that are made of the same material. Make sure you have a compensator; it takes on the load from the expansion of the chimney elements during cooling and heating. The system must be installed on the roof; for this, an adjoining unit is useful. In order to prevent the entry of rain, leaves, snow and dust, the system should be equipped with a cap.
Types of materials
Steel chimneys are made of black steel, low-alloy steel and galvanized iron
Black steel
This is a simple carbon steel without alloying additives. Advantages:
- The cheapest
- Low contamination with soot and easy to clean
- In terms of installation qualities - exactly like steel
- Does not require a foundation for installation.
Flaws:
- High thermal conductivity leads to the fact that the gases quickly cool down and a lot of condensate is formed, which must be removed
- Pipes get very hot, so they require special structures where they pass through walls and roofs
- It is impossible to make an external chimney due to lack of thermal insulation
- In terms of durability, it is much inferior to a steel pipe (service life is only about five years), as it is subject to severe corrosion
- It has low heat resistance - it burns out quickly in high-temperature flue gases.
Black steel chimney parts
Attention! To increase the service life of a black steel chimney, you need to make a minimum number of joints and use thick-walled pipes.
Low alloy steel
It belongs to ferrous metals, but it contains additives of nickel, chromium and molybdenum in quantities equal to those in stainless steel. Advantages and applications: the same as for pipes made of black steel, but low-alloy steel corrodes more slowly.
Galvanized iron
This is the worst of the three previous options. The zinc layer burns out very quickly, and the thin, unprotected iron begins to corrode and collapse.
Galvanized iron pipe is the worst of all options
Stainless steel
Stainless steel is heat-resistant and resistant to acids - combustion products. Such chimneys are durable and strong; resistant to temperature changes, corrosion, condensation; inexpensive, easy to assemble due to its modularity, which allows you to build a system of any complexity; easy to repair; smooth inside, so soot does not settle, and the chimney requires almost no cleaning; They have a low heat capacity, so heating any stove is easy: a stable draft immediately appears. They also come in several types, depending on the alloy of the steel used for the pipe and the design.
Corrugated steel pipes
These flexible metal pipes are made from steel strip and are used for sleeving only. Their service life is limited due to the uneven surface, on which combustion products deposit more strongly: soot, acids.
Corrugated metal pipes - used only for lining brick pipes
Single wall stainless steel pipes
Their wall thickness is usually from 0.6 to 1 millimeter. The advantages are the same as all non-corrugated metal pipes, but these are much more durable than others. The disadvantages are the same as those of non-corrugated metal pipes.
Details of a single-circuit steel chimney
Stainless steel sandwich pipes
The disadvantages of single-wall pipes can be eliminated by a simple design improvement: the manufacture of an insulated steel pipe, or a sandwich chimney. Their advantages:
- Thermal inertia is greater than that of single-wall pipes - flue gases pass quickly, but cool slowly, so little soot and aggressive condensate are formed
- When passing through floors and roofs, there is no need for overly complex thermal insulation units, since such chimneys heat up less
- External installation, without passing through the roof, is possible
- Installation is generally quite easy
Flaws:
- Sandwich pipes are noticeably more expensive than single pipes
- Completely unsuitable for brick kilns. A stove with such a chimney will produce reverse draft during gusts of wind.
But since people are now concerned about the efficiency of their heating devices and traditional stoves are rare, sandwich chimneys have become widespread.
Stainless steel sandwich pipes
Semolina casserole with pumpkin and dried fruits
If children do not want to eat healthy pumpkin, you can hide it in a delicious semolina casserole. Dried fruits in the recipe are not only a “zest”, but also additional vitamins. If desired, they can be replaced with pieces of fresh fruit. For example, pear and apple, plum and peach are suitable. Any combination of fruits in semolina dough will be useful.
Ingredients:
- 200 g semolina;
- half a glass of milk;
- 50 ml filtered water;
- 25 g butter;
- 60 g pumpkin;
- 1 tbsp. l. Sahara;
- a pinch of salt;
- 100 g of any seedless dried fruit (dried apricots, prunes, raisins, dogwood);
- two raw chicken eggs;
- 50 g of premium wheat flour;
- 11 g baking powder.
Cooking method:
1. Rinse in warm water and soak dried fruits. Cut them into small pieces (except for raisins, do not cut them).
2. Cook semolina porridge in a saucepan. To do this, mix water with milk (take cold), add semolina and butter. Add sugar and salt. Stir and leave for now.
3. Peel the pumpkin and grate it on a fine grater or, using a blender, grind it into puree. Add to porridge.
4. Place the pan on the fire and, constantly stirring with a whisk or tablespoon, bring the porridge to a boil. Remove from heat and cool for a few minutes, stirring with a whisk.
5. Add eggs, flour and baking powder to the porridge. Stir until smooth and add dried fruits. Mix again.
7. Place the semolina porridge casserole dough on a baking sheet lined with paper or foil. If desired, grease it with additional oil.
8. Place the dish to bake until done.
You can serve semolina casserole with pumpkin and dried fruits with a glass of milk or a cup of tea. Casseroles prepared according to these recipes will become your favorite breakfast. It’s easy and simple to delight your loved ones with a new casserole recipe every day. Just write down the recipes and create amazing desserts from ordinary semolina!
The design of a double-layer chimney and its distinctive features
This is a structure of two steel pipes inserted into each other, different in diameter. The outer one is called the casing. A pyre-resistant insulation is placed between the pipes, usually basalt wool (laid so that the fibers are oriented along the pipe) 30–35 millimeters thick, capable of withstanding heat of a thousand degrees. Mineral wool is completely unsuitable.
Sandwich chimney parts
The correct chimney for a solid fuel boiler with your own hands
Immediately after installing the solid fuel boiler, you should begin creating a system for the release of gas and smoke. This work can be entrusted to hired craftsmen, but this will cost money. Self-installation will not only save money, but also completely understand the structure of the chimney, which is useful for its further operation and maintenance.
Order or make a chimney for a solid fuel boiler with your own hands - which is more profitable?
The answer to this question is not as obvious as it seems. By design, solid fuel boilers are similar to conventional stoves. And it may seem that installing a chimney is a simple task for him. You shouldn't fall for this misconception. For high-quality removal of combustion products, a well-thought-out, durable and reliably executed design is required. Neglecting these rules is unacceptable, because the lives of people living in the premises depend on it. Loose joining of materials or design errors lead to the penetration of carbon monoxide, which is hazardous to health.
Therefore, in the absence of stove installation skills, it is wiser to entrust such a responsible job to a professional. If you have experience and confidence in your own abilities, you can carry out the installation yourself. However, it is better to order the calculation of chimneys for a solid fuel boiler from a specialized organization.
Chimney device
Regardless of the material used for installation, all chimneys for solid fuel boilers are structurally similar. The smoke removal system consists of the same functional components:
- Chimney. A cylindrical or rectangular section through which combustion products are removed from the boiler. Must be made of durable and heat-resistant material.
- Condensate collector. Everyone remembers from the physics course that heated air, when it comes into contact with a cold surface, forms condensation on it - small accumulations of moisture. To prevent drops of water from flowing into the boiler, the chimney must be equipped with a means to remove them from the system. A condensate collector is equipped in its lower part, which does not contact the boiler directly, but is connected through a tee.
- Gate - a barrier to stop the supply of air to the system from the boiler. The damper is necessary for economical operation - so that after the boiler stops operating, the exit of warm air into the external environment is blocked.
This is a typical smoke exhaust system. When working with specific materials, it may have slight differences and additions. For example, steel chimneys are equipped with a linear deformation compensator. It is responsible for the tightness and reliability of the system, because constant cycles of heating and cooling lead to loosening of the chimney. This reduces the density of components joining.
Installation rules
- Fire safety should be the most important guideline when constructing a smoke exhaust structure for a solid fuel boiler. The distance from the chimney walls to other surfaces must be at least 38 cm. When building an internal type chimney, you need to be extremely careful in insulating the places where it passes through the ceilings.
- The walls should not be narrower than 10 cm, including insulation.
- Height directly affects the efficiency of gas removal and the draft force in the chimney system. It is necessary that the top point of the chimney be at a distance of at least a meter relative to the roof.
- Accurate calculation of the internal cross-sectional area. It is necessary that this value remains constant throughout the entire length of the chimney in order to avoid a decrease in efficiency.
- The maximum length of horizontal sections in the system is 1 m.
- The design must have a condensate collector and doors for maintenance.
How to calculate the chimney diameter for a solid fuel boiler
The correct chimney for a solid fuel boiler with your own hands
How to make a chimney for a solid fuel boiler with your own hands. Types of chimneys for solid fuel boilers. Chimney structure and installation features.
Features of using sandwich pipes for baths
Since a bathhouse, as a rule, is built of wood (and if it is made of foam blocks, then it is lined with flammable material), issues of thermal insulation become of particular importance. It is prohibited to use single-layer chimneys for bathhouses - only brick and sandwich chimneys are allowed. All distances from the chimney to flammable objects must be carefully verified and observed in accordance with SNiP. All pyrohazardous surfaces must be insulated with vermiculite or asbestos. It is forbidden to install a deflector on a sauna chimney due to its strong windage. The distance from the chimney to the wall is at least 25 centimeters!
Caution: under no circumstances should a sauna ventilation system be combined with a chimney.
Conclusion
In this material, I tried to reveal the most important and frequently asked questions when choosing chimney pipes. In the photos and videos in this article you can find additional material on the topic. If you have any questions, write them in the comments, I will try to help.
Did you like the article? Subscribe to our Yandex.Zen channel
July 31, 2021
Chimneys, Pipes
If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something, add a comment or say thank you!
Operation, repair and cleaning
You have received a chimney that will serve you for fifteen years. But you need to follow the simplest rules. It is impossible to replace a boiler or furnace so that the temperature of the flue gases is higher than that calculated specifically for this chimney. It is necessary to monitor the condition of the heat-insulating substance in the wall opening and trouble-free drainage of condensate.
Sandwich chimneys on a brick wall
Such a chimney needs to be cleaned approximately once every three months, but it is better not to use a mechanical method at all. In severe cases, you need to call specialists. And your destiny is chemical cleaning. This is a substance in the form of a briquette or powder, which, when burned in the firebox of a boiler or stove, releases chemicals that dissolve soot and other deposits in the chimney.
Chimney sweep powder for cleaning chimneys
Maintenance of the assembled system
During operation, soot growths may appear on the walls of the sandwich chimney, reducing its cross-sectional area, which can lead to smoke in the room and a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the duct at least twice during the heating season. It is convenient to carry out cleaning through the inspection hatch in the plug; if there is none, you can open the plug completely for these purposes by unfastening the clamp.
The condensate collector also requires regular inspection to ensure timely discharge of accumulated liquid. If the condensate drain is connected to the sewer system, then the condition of the connecting tube must also be examined: clean it if it is clogged and replace it if it fails. To clear a clogged drip line, you can use a thin, strong wire.
