Steaming without preliminary kindling is a pointless idea. We do not consider options when gas or electric models are used, everything is extremely simple here. It's a completely different matter when a wood-burning structure is used. To melt it properly, you need to know some tricks. It’s not enough to just set the wood on fire; if you do everything in a simple way, you shouldn’t be surprised that you can’t achieve the desired temperature level in the room. Today we will look at how to properly heat a stove in a bathhouse and with what kind of wood.
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1. This document defines the policy of IP Skiba A.A.
(hereinafter referred to as the Operator) regarding the processing of personal data (hereinafter referred to as the Policy). 1. This Policy applies to all information that an Individual Entrepreneur (OGRNIP: 316366800149986, INN: 366412148927, registration address: 394028, Montazhny 12e, office 1, Voronezh, Voronezh region, Russia) and/or its affiliates may receive about the user while he is using the site.
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5. The operator operates at the address: 394028, Montazhny 12e, office. 1, Voronezh, Voronezh region, Russia.
6. Skiba Alena Alekseevna (phone, e-mail) was appointed responsible for organizing the processing of personal data.
Firewood harvesting rules
After choosing the optimal breed, you need to choose the right time to collect it. As practice shows, it is preferable to do this between February and March. The fact is that at this particular time of year the fibers are still frozen, so it will be quite easy to split the trunk. To determine that very moment, you can hit the wood with the back of an ax: when a ringing sound is heard, everything is perfect, but if a dull rumble echoes, the material has begun to rot from the inside.
Another important point to pay attention to is the number of branches. The more there are, the more difficult it will be to dry the wood. Obviously, you won’t find a tree without knots in the forest, but you need to try to find options where there are the fewest of them.
If you have a good chainsaw, it is easier to purchase whole logs and cut them yourself later. This approach will save money.
If you buy firewood, you need to pay attention to the following features:
- Humidity of the purchased material. It should be no higher than 20%, then the firewood will ignite quickly and burn evenly.
- Uniformity. Make sure that the quantity supplied contains only the breed you have chosen, without other impurities.
If you prepared the material yourself in winter, it is better to dry it for about six months. After complete drying, it can be used in business. We’ll talk further about how to properly light a sauna.
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How to drown
Due to the originality of the design - the absence of grates, the loading and ignition of firewood is different. Firewood is required in short lengths, filling the volume. You can use either whole or chopped logs. Before ignition, open the dampers on the chimney and door. Close the purge valve (if equipped) and the lower gate. They lay firewood and set it on fire. After the fire, a hum is heard, this means an excess of oxygen, the combustion is very strong. The gate on the door is closed, and when the hum disappears, the optimal value has been reached. With a chimney height of 8 meters and above, adjustment is made with a damper located on the chimney until the hum is eliminated.
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Preparing the oven for operation
- Remove the oven from its original packaging and remove all paper price tags and labels.
- Remove the protective film from all parts.
- Place the stove on an open fire-resistant base.
- Install all components.
- Heat the stove 1-2 times until the burning smell disappears.
It is better to entrust the installation and installation of the furnace to specialists who know all the features of these devices and will help to install them correctly. When purchasing a stove, you can agree on the installation time and cost of the service provided.
You can order the finishing of a Russian bath or Finnish sauna on our website or by calling: 8 (499) 110-97-56.
LEGAL BASIS FOR PROCESSING PERSONAL DATA
14. The legal basis for the processing of personal data is:
1. Legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of personal data based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and international treaties of the Russian Federation and consisting of Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data” and other federal laws defining cases and features of the processing of personal data ;
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Design features
The first thing that catches your eye is the elongated shape and a rather voluminous firebox.
Moreover, if you look at the Feringer sauna stove in a horizontal section, it turns out that the firebox is surrounded by stones on almost all sides. And the heat from the wall of the firebox is transferred to the stones, from them the screen is already heated, and then the room is heated by radiant heat from the screen. Feringer furnace section
Another feature is the firebox without grates. This is because the top combustion principle is used. With this option, the firewood is lit not from below, as we are used to, but from above. This principle makes it possible to use the heat from burning wood to the maximum. In this position, the coals are constantly in the combustion zone. As a result, there are almost no unburned residues. If there are a few coals left, then only those that burned last.
The next design feature is the presence of a smoke tooth and a side combustion system. They also ensure that more heat goes to warming up the heater rather than escaping into the chimney. The side burning system is a special design in the firebox in which the coals do not lie in the center, but are scattered throughout the stack, igniting the wood lying on the side. After all, in wood-burning stoves this is the zone that burns the worst. In Feringer stoves, the entire surface of the wood burns.
The smoke tooth, located in the upper part of the firebox, twists the flame at the top in a spiral (look at the photo). In this way, the flame stays in the firebox longer, heating up the walls more strongly, and small remnants of it end up in the pipe. But the heat that inevitably ends up in the chimney can be used to heat the steam room. For this, Fehringer has several solutions:
- A heater on a pipe in a traditional and non-traditional design: with a mesh or a decorative carved screen.
- Controlled convector on a pipe.
This is a device with a duct system around a main metal pipe. Diagram of air movement during furnace operation
When installing a controlled convector at its very bottom, immediately after the stove is lit, boiling water is poured. As flue gases pass through, water turns into steam and enters specially formed lamella channels. Since moist air (steam) has a large heat capacity, passing along the wall, it takes away and transfers more heat.
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Varieties
The model should not only warm the room, but also not pose a danger to people who will visit the bathhouse. There are several design options that differ in the location of the heating chamber door:
- The firebox opens directly in the steam room - this is the most common scheme. You can not only regulate the burning of wood, but also admire the flame if the prototype is equipped with fire-resistant glass. There are also negative characteristics - dirt, debris, and wood debris accumulate on the floor.
- Installing a stove in a bathhouse with a firebox in the dressing room is the safest option: it saves space, eliminates litter in the washroom, and allows you to warm up all rooms at once.
- The firebox is vented outside - an excellent solution for buildings with a minimum area, but not entirely comfortable - to maintain the desired temperature you will have to run out of the room and systematically add firewood.
There are several design options for devices:
- horizontal;
- vertical;
- oval;
- square.
Modern models have a water tank and a compartment for stones.
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Sauna stove design
Metal structures are very popular because they are quite compact, heat the air in the room very quickly and consume less fuel during operation.
The design itself includes three main components:
- Firebox compartment. This is where the combustion process takes place.
- Kamenka - it is filled with cobblestones, which are heated by the metal walls. There is also a hole for water supply.
- Tank for heating liquid.
There are many different variations of stoves on the market, but most of them are designed in a similar way. If you are just choosing the ideal option, pay attention to the products. We have prepared for you reliable high quality products at an affordable price. We also sell various bath accessories.
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What types of wood are most often used?
You need to understand that different types of wood material are characterized by their density and heat output. These indicators directly affect how much fuel is needed to achieve the required temperature level. We will consider trees that grow in Russia. The hornbeam produces the most heat, the poplar the least. As a result, you will need very little of the first type, and an impressive amount of the second.
Obviously, hornbeam does not grow everywhere, so sometimes you will have to replace it with what you can find in your area. In this case, you need to take into account the fact that not the first tree you come across will do. The most common species are alder and birch. They burn excellently, and what is important, when heated, they release aromatic essential oils. Pine wood is also ubiquitous, but its problem is that when it burns, it releases resin, which will clog the chimney.
The choice of wood is important, but you still need to figure out how to properly heat a sauna with wood. We will also dwell on this topic in detail further.
The best options to consider as fuel are:
- Hornbeam is an ideal option. It burns for a very long time and produces very little smoke.
- Acacia - is characterized by the fact that it allows you to maintain a constant level of heat in the firebox.
- Linden - it is not very dense in its structure, so it burns quickly without leaving behind hot coals.
- Oak is an excellent option; it fills the room with a pleasant aroma while burning and gives off enough heat. The cost of such firewood is high, however, they can be stored for a very long time and do not change their qualities.
- Birch - burns quickly and evenly, releases substances into the air that allow you to clean the steam room from harmful microorganisms. It is better to use those logs that were prepared quite recently. Watch the amount of firewood thrown into the stove; when there is a lot of smoke, tar begins to be released, which clogs the chimney.
- Pine or spruce. They should be used as a last resort, when there is simply no other material. Resin contaminates the walls of the smoke exhaust pipe quite quickly. When figuring out what kind of wood you can’t use to heat a bathhouse, this option is first on the list.
Once you have decided on a specific type of fuel, all that remains is to learn how to prepare it correctly. Of course, this option is more relevant for those who prefer not to buy ready-made logs
INFORMATION ABOUT ENSURING THE SECURITY OF PERSONAL DATA
36. The operator appoints a person responsible for organizing the processing of personal data to fulfill the duties provided for by the Federal Law “On Personal Data” and the regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with it.
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Design of sauna stoves - with open heater
In general, the firebox is formed mainly by stamping and bending methods, and has a minimum of seams. The seams are located in places with low temperature loads. All furnace elements are made of stainless steel with 17% alloy metal content.
In stoves with a closed heater, a cylindrical container for stones rests on the base of the stove and covers the firebox on all sides (except for the front part, where the extension or firebox door is installed). To regulate the air flow passing through the heater, there is an adjustable damper. With its help, you can reduce or increase the heating rate of the steam room.
Construction of a furnace for a Feringer bath with a closed heater
When the required temperatures are reached, the damper closes completely or almost completely. The temperature is stabilized and the steam room conditions are maintained in the specified mode.
A smoke tooth is installed in the upper part of the firebox. This is a metal piece curved in the shape of the letter “L” at the top of the firebox. It allows you to twist streams of smoke and flame into a spiral. Because of this, the walls of the firebox warm up better, and the stones warm up from it. This tooth gives another positive result: the flame rises in the pipe only 30-70 cm (in stoves of a conventional design, the height of the flame in the pipe exceeds a meter, and sometimes one and a half to two).
There is an adjustable barrier above the door (1) and below it (2)
The burning speed of wood can be changed using two dampers. One is located above the firebox door, the second below it. It is advisable not to close the upper damper completely: it ensures that there is no soot on the glass. Always leave at least a minimum gap of a couple of millimeters, and the glass on the door will always be clean.
These two dampers regulate the amount of air supplied to the firebox. The more air, the more actively the wood will burn. This mode is necessary at the stage of heating the steam room and stones. Then, when the temperature is close to the required one, they cover themselves and the wood smolders, maintaining the temperature of the stones and practically stopping the heating of the steam room.
Getting steam
Deep inside the heater is a device called a steam gun. This is an L-shaped tube with holes. Another tube is welded to it, which goes to the top of the heater. Water is supplied to it and converted into steam.
This is how a steam gun works
Through small holes in the horizontal tube, water flows into the hottest part of the heater - onto the lower stones. Their temperature is 500-550°C. As a result, tiny droplets are formed, which have a high temperature at the outlet. They are very small, they are almost invisible. This state of steam is called “light”. Probably because after vaping you feel light in your body and never have a headache.
The atmosphere in a steam room consists of many components. The air and walls warm up from the radiation of the stove body and pipe, from the steam that is supplied to the heater. You need to change the temperature in the steam room by manipulating the modes of these elements. There are dampers/gates for this.
How to adjust the combustion intensity and heat transfer of the housing has already been explained (using the valves near the door). It is also necessary to control the air flow through the chimney convector. For this purpose, there is also a valve/gate in its upper part. By moving its handle to the right/left, you open/close, completely or partially, the lumen of the air tubes.
Devices for adjusting combustion intensity
The new Ferniger stoves of the Lamel series have another powerful tool: the heater ventilation valve. At the initial stage, when the stones warm up, it is closed. The heater in this position is unventilated and the stones heat up to high temperatures. Then, to quickly reach the desired temperature, the valve opens.
While this is happening, the walls, floor, ceiling, and shelves are warming up in the steam room. As bath experts say: the steam room is infused. The temperature background of all its parts is equalized. It is in this state of affairs, when heat comes from the walls, and from the shelf, and from the ceiling, that the body warms up deeply. There is no heat. You feel only an even warmth that does not burn, like in a dry air vent, but envelops you, warming you up.
This is a live steam gun
The temperature drops slightly. But if it is within the normal range (50-55°), there is no need to raise it again: with each supply of steam it will jump by about 5°C. So, if you raise the humidity, you will also raise the temperature. And before steaming with brooms, you need to warm up two or three more times. During this time, it will grow another 10-15 degrees.
There are fewer requirements for sauna stoves, and their structure is simpler. Their main task is to quickly heat the steam room to the required temperature, and then ensure its maintenance.
Design of sauna stoves from Fehringer
There is almost no steam in dry-air steam rooms; if you occasionally add one or two ladlefuls, then more for aromatization. Therefore, the volume of the heater is small - it should be enough to heat the steam room. They do not perform any other functions.
Adjusting the combustion intensity is the same as in sauna stoves: a valve above and below the fuel door.
We did not take into account the impressions about using the stoves that are on the manufacturer’s website. We present only those posted in discussions on the forums.
Philip, Priozersk
Nikolay, Moscow
Vladimir, Peter
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Ferginger stove models
This brand produces both sauna stoves - with a closed heater, and sauna stoves - with an open one.
The category of sauna stoves is called “steam stoves” by Fehringer. There are five options. Their technical characteristics are presented below. The price is indicated approximately in dollars due to exchange rate instability.
Furnace models
If we talk about modifications of stoves to create a Russian bath mode, then there are three models:
- Feringer Malyutka Steam for small steam rooms up to 16 cubic meters;
- Feringer Classic - for medium volumes - up to 18 cubic meters;
- Feringer Harmony for steam rooms up to 30 cubic meters.
All of these ovens have the same internal structure, only the dimensions differ. The stoves can be equipped with solid cast-iron doors, doors with glass or a panoramic screen (the result is a fireplace stove).
Technical characteristics of Feringer sauna stoves with a closed heater (to enlarge the table, right-click on it)
Lamel stoves are included in a separate category.” They also create the atmosphere of a Russian steam room. They are made entirely of AISI 430 stainless steel, 3 mm thick.
This is what the lamellas look like
In this option, you can order a stove with an open heater and a closed one, with a stacked lamella (from several pieces) or a solid one. The stone used is soapstone, serpentine, jadeite, marble and numerous combinations thereof. Moreover, the thickness of the finish can be different. Therefore, overall dimensions are not indicated.
Technical characteristics of Feringer Lamel sauna stoves (to enlarge the table, right-click on it)
In an open heater, the top of the container can be trimmed with metal or stone. The screen can be a regular size, or it can look like a fireplace portal. So the prices here are really “from” - the cheapest option.
These stoves have an open heater. In the catalog they are located in the “Golden Ratio” section. The table summarizes the main technical data; the price is indicated for the option with a standard door with transparent glass. It is possible to install a panoramic screen.
Technical characteristics of Ferniger sauna stoves (to enlarge the table, right-click on it)
This is one of the sauna stoves - the “Golden Section” series
Stove base
Before correctly installing the stove in the bathhouse, you need to decide which base to mount under the heating device, taking into account the features of a particular model and the type of soil at the construction site. You cannot build shallow foundations if the soil is prone to swelling in winter; it can simply be squeezed out in cold weather.
Foundation - standard size of the structure
Everything will depend on the specific gravity of the heater and the type of soil on which the bathhouse is built. There are several varieties:
- monolithic, deep;
- pile-grillage;
- shallow slab.
Each type has its own positive characteristics and different arrangement methods.
Pouring a monolithic slab base
The algorithm of actions is as follows:
- dig a pit with a height of vertical walls of 50 cm. Compact the bottom, leveling the horizon;
- arrange a cushion of crushed stone and sand, in a layer of 25-30 cm. Sprinkle with water, level and compact well;
- to make a concrete base, for this purpose a liquid solution is mixed. Pour over crushed stone and allow to harden;
- lay a layer of waterproofing - roofing felt glued with bitumen or mastic;
- install formwork from old boards or panels so that the walls are strictly vertical and the angles are 90 degrees. Secure a plastic film on the inside of it so that the plywood does not deform from moisture;
- make reinforcement - the frame should be 10 cm smaller than the formwork on each edge, install a reinforced frame;
- distribution of the solution - you can prepare it yourself or order ready-made. All layers of the mixture are well compacted by piercing them with a sharp iron rod.
After pouring the concrete mixture to the level of the finished floor and allow it to harden for 3 weeks. After this time, the formwork is dismantled and backfilling is carried out - the distance between the base and the walls of the pit is filled.
If you plan to install a brick sauna stove with a firebox from a dressing room, then the installation of the base occurs by deepening it to the freezing line of the soil.
Pile-grillage
This method of arranging the foundation is much simpler and not as labor-intensive compared to the one described above. But it is ideal for unstable, water-logged soil. The execution technology consists of the following stages:
- make markings on the surface, first removing the turf layer;
- in the corners of the future foundation for installing a metal stove in the bathhouse, dig pits 10-15 cm deep;
- screw in piles with a diameter of 10 cm. Be sure to check the vertical;
- cut the posts with a grinder along the bottom line of the subfloor;
- weld a corner channel of the optimal size, arranging a place for pouring the solution;
- place a steel sheet on the beam and secure it with a weld;
- dilute the concrete mixture and pour it into the prepared frame.
Once the concrete has gained the required strength, installation can begin.
Shallow base
This is a simple foundation option for installing an iron stove in a wooden bathhouse.
The algorithm of actions is as follows:
- mark boundaries;
- dig a ditch 50 cm deep;
- fill the pillow with 20-25 cm;
- make a footing;
- arrange waterproofing;
- install formwork;
- pour 30 cm of concrete mixture and compact.
As soon as the concrete sets and dries, you can remove the formwork and lay a layer of insulation - the foundation is ready.
Note: if the base is below the planned level, you can lay 2 rows of brickwork on top of the roofing material. Such a podium will serve as additional thermal protection for the floor covering.
Walls - preparation
If the load-bearing fence is made of wood, then the distance will be at least 50 cm. For a unit with an external firebox, you will have to cut out a niche.
How to protect partitions from fire:
- apply the plaster composition to a metal mesh previously screwed to the surface;
- install an iron screen with a non-combustible insulator;
- clad with artificial stone or porcelain stoneware;
- make a brick layout;
- adjust factory thermal insulation.
The best option is to lay the masonry on the side of the adjacent surfaces; it will not only protect them from fire, but also accumulate heat.
How to choose the right location for assembly
Traditionally, steam rooms are a wooden structure with appropriate finishing. Before you begin installing an iron stove in a wooden bathhouse, it is important to choose the right zone.
Criteria for choosing a fulcrum during construction
You will have to take into account the material of manufacture of the heating device, its power, the design of the combustion chamber and the exit point of the chimney (the usual height is up to 1 meter from the roof to the end point of the chimney). It should be remembered that the heater must be located in a place that is safe for visitors so that no one gets injured. Also key is the proximity of the device to flammable surfaces.
There are rules that must be taken into account during installation.
SNiP requirements for installation
- distance to flammable surfaces – at least 80 cm;
- parameters to the ceiling from the heater - at least 80 cm when it is plastered and 1.2 m if it is made of wood;
- the wooden flooring is protected with a screen, but the height of the firebox is at least 13-15 cm from the floor;
- from the door to the opposite surface – up to 1.25 m.
Installing a stove in a bathhouse - step-by-step instructions
To save energy and time, you should divide the work into phases. Installation is carried out in five main stages:
- choice of location;
- pouring the base or laying the podium;
- heater device;
- chimney outlet;
- securing a screen that will protect from temperature.
Let's consider each point in detail.
