Protective screen for a stove in a bathhouse: how and what material to make it from

Protective screen manufacturing technology

The basis for creating a thermal barrier is sheet non-combustible material.
Glass-magnesite (SML) or mineralite slabs are used as such materials. Their installation is carried out through a sleeve, on a wooden frame or directly on the wall surface. The safest way to install this protective layer is to install it on self-tapping screws through a special metal or ceramic sleeve with a length of 3 cm. An example of the location of the thermal barrier with an illustration of the appearance of the sleeve is shown in the image below. Prev 1of1 Next

Next, we will consider the design of a very effective two-layer protective screen using various fireproof technologies.

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Here you can see essentially two protective screens. The one closest to the wall is made of fire-resistant gypsum board gypsum boards mounted on metal profiles. An additional reflective layer is made of foil attached directly to the wall. The mineralite slabs were installed on top of the plasterboard using self-tapping screws through a 3-cm porcelain tile sleeve. Thermal insulation boards are finished with tiles that are laid with heat-resistant adhesive.

Now we will give examples of simpler, but well-proven ways to create a thermal barrier. First, let's figure out how to make a partition in the steam room, into which the furnace window opens.

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This structure is made of glass-magnesium sheet (GMS) 10 mm thick, which is mounted on a metal frame with basalt insulation inside.

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The walls near the stove are also protected with a layer of glass-magnesite on metal profiles, finished with porcelain tiles on heat-resistant adhesive.

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The minimum distance from such a screen to the oven should be 10-12 cm

It is very important to use high-quality 10-mm glass-magnesite sheet SML Premium, and not Standard. The characteristics of these two types of material differ markedly

It is also important to consider that when manufacturing a thermal barrier, it is optimal to install a layer of non-combustible material in two layers.

When organizing wall protection, we must not forget about proper floor insulation

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At a minimum, you must place a glass-magnesium plate and a reflective metal sheet under the stove.

The most common option for thermal protection for walls is the installation of glass magnesite on a metal frame finished with cream granite tiles.

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You should definitely take either heat-resistant mastic for laying tiles or heat-resistant glue and use only Premium or Luxury SML slabs.

Another similar technology without the use of a frame - a glass-magnesium sheet was attached directly to the foil vapor barrier of the walls.

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The following photos clearly show how the wall at the exit of the combustion window is protected.

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The LSU was installed around it, and the free space was subsequently filled with fire-resistant basalt wool 3 cm thick. In the gaps of the telescope, everything was sealed with an asbestos cord soaked in water using a screwdriver.

When choosing a protective screen design, always first look at the type of oven you have and the temperature to which it heats up. If you have a serious oversized stove with a lot of stones, which needs to be heated for 2-3 hours before entering the steam room, then it is best to use a reliable two-layer heat barrier installed on self-tapping screws through ceramic bushings. It is also important to follow the correct technology for heating the furnace so that the metal in the firebox does not heat up to the point of glowing, as this will lead to earlier wear of the furnace and exceeding the specified heating temperatures of the body.

Stages of self-cladding

For installation for many years, you need to follow the instructions strictly:

First, a vapor barrier and waterproofing layer is installed on the wall. It can be made of three-layer film. Attach the film to the wall with a metal profile.
Then the insulation, for example mineral wool, is fixed. It is placed in the crate so that the foil is on top. After installation, all joints are sealed with aluminum construction tape.
The next step is attaching fireproof tiles to the sheathing. They are mounted with self-tapping screws, leaving a space of 2 cm between the wall and the tile. up to 3cm.
After fixing, all that remains is to cover the surface with porcelain tiles. In order for the ceramics to adhere well, a metal mesh is screwed to the panels, and the tiles are fixed with an adhesive heat-resistant solution. If the surface is beautiful without cladding, then nothing else is done.

Ceramic tile

Ceramic tiles have the same fire resistance as brick.

At the same time, she simply has an incomparably greater variety of appearances.

Now, instead of tiles, almost all manufacturers have mastered the technology of semi-dry pressing, which allows you to create any designs and textures on the surface of the tiles.

This material received the trade name “Porcelain stoneware”, although it does not contain granite. Finishing a stove in a steam room with tiles has its advantages, and the main one is the variety of design solutions. Unlike brick, tiles can be any color.

Information. The finishing of the wall around the stove in the bathhouse with tiles is carried out only along a layer of thermal insulation. You cannot lay tiles on a bare wall. This will be too thin a defense.

The side of the old tile had a size of 10-15 cm. With modern porcelain tiles, the side length can reach 40 cm. The longer the side, the more accurate the coating. It has fewer seams, but the complexity of installation increases significantly. Porcelain tiles should be laid by specialists.

This requires a lot of experience. If the tiles are small, you can do the tiling yourself. There are no particular difficulties here. Laying is carried out using a conventional solution on a sheet of heat insulation. It is better to use a special solution based on a dry construction mixture for the appropriate purpose.

Insulation options

There are many non-combustible materials that can be used in this case. The easiest way to protect all surfaces from heat is to place a protective box around a red brick heat source. It is able to protect structures from heat and easily tolerates thermal effects. However, this decoration of the wall around the stove in the house looks a little unaesthetic and you can choose other materials:

Porcelain tiles and tiles.
Fiber cement boards.
Factory-made protective screens.
Metal sheets.
Artificial or natural stone.

The easiest way to work is with a ready-made protective screen - you just need to select it according to size and install it on site. This option is also good because such finishing of walls near the stove or fireplace is done in the shortest possible time and without “dirty” or “wet” finishing work. The remaining options are more labor-intensive and have some nuances. Therefore, they need to be considered in more detail.

Choosing a location for the oven

The most correct decision would be the initial design of the bathhouse, taking into account all the rooms and the location of the stove. If it is possible to heat all other rooms from another source, it is placed in a steam room. If not, consider the option of installing a stove in a bathhouse with a firebox from the dressing room so that it heats both it and the washing compartment. To do this, an opening is provided in the partition between these compartments, which is subsequently lined around the firebox with fireproof materials.

Project of a bathhouse with a steam room and showerSource sk-ac.ru

Both options have their positive and negative sides:

Installation in a steam room allows you to control the operation of the stove without interrupting bath procedures. But the firebox and the space in front of it take up extra space; with this placement, the oxygen in the room burns faster, which requires the installation of a ventilation system. And most importantly, you have to organize autonomous heating of the dressing room, locker room, bathroom and other rooms of the bathhouse, or conduct it from home.
The second option is much more effective and economical, since installing a stove in a bathhouse with a firebox in the dressing room is not much more difficult, but there are more advantages. The steam room maintains a normal microclimate and frees up useful space; all rooms are heated from one stove. But the bathing procedures have to be interrupted in order to add firewood to the firebox.

However, convenience is not the only and not the most important criterion for choosing a suitable location for a heating unit. The issue of fire safety is much more pressing.

Correct corner placement schemeSource banyabest.ru

First of all, you need to decide how and where to bring the chimney through the roof. It is best if it is connected to the stove in a straight line, without unnecessary bends or turns.

When placing it in a corner or against one wall, you need to follow the rules for installing a stove in a bathhouse with a firebox from a dressing room in a wooden log house. The distance from the metal body to walls made of flammable materials must be at least 50 cm on any side. It can be reduced by insulating the walls with fireproof shields. This can be sheets of mineralite, asbestos cardboard or basalt cardboard, as well as facing with ceramic tiles or a screen made of red ceramic brick.

Insulating walls with mineralite slabs before installing a stoveSource bg.aviarydecor.com

A distance of at least 120 cm should be maintained from the firebox door to the front door. And in front of the firebox, be sure to lay a metal sheet or cover the floor with tiles.

It is easier to provide for all these points at the design stage. If this has not been done, the task will become more complicated, and there will be fewer options for convenient placement of the stove.

Rules for laying a brick screen

A brick screen for a metal stove in a bathhouse is installed in compliance with certain rules that will ensure high efficiency of the design:

A brick screen for a sauna stove cannot be laid flush against it. The distance between the masonry and the walls of the heating device must be at least 30 mm.
It is necessary to leave holes in the lower part of the protective screen, which will ensure rapid heating of the steam room when starting the stove. To regulate the temperature in the steam room, the openings are equipped with stove doors.
A do-it-yourself brick screen for a sauna stove is usually laid out in half a brick, but there may be nuances here. For example, to achieve maximum temperature in a steam room, the screen is made a quarter of a brick or with a large number of holes. To reduce the temperature, you need to lay protection from a whole brick - warming up will be very long, but the heat transfer time will also increase.
When laying, a solution of clay and sand is used. If necessary, clay can be replaced with cement.
The brick wall surrounding the sauna stove must be at least at the same height as the top edge of the firebox.

Additional aspects

It is worth understanding that not all situations require a protective screen at all. For example, for brick kilns with an initially protected firebox, fences are not required. If the screen needs to be installed, then red ceramic materials are selected for it, capable of withstanding severe temperature changes and exposure to moisture.

Conclusion

A DIY sauna stove screen is an important sauna structure that can prevent accidental burns and balance the operation of the stove. By implementing one of the proposed schemes, you can achieve a combination of protection efficiency, good functionality of the stove and good visual qualities of the entire system.

How to make a protective screen for a sauna stove with your own hands

Rest assured that there is nothing difficult in creating a protective screen for a bathhouse with your own hands.

It is recommended to prepare all the necessary materials and tools in advance, as otherwise this will significantly slow down the progress of work. Having everything you need will help not only not to stop construction and installation, but also will not confuse the overall “engineering idea”.

Made of brick

Brick and concrete mixture are used as the main working material. Mixtures that are designed for use at high temperatures should be used. If you do not want to spend money on purchasing it, then you should add clay to the standard mixture. This will strengthen the future structure.

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account three parameters to determine the required amount of brick, namely:

Keep in mind that in the masonry it is necessary to calculate an additional few millimeters between the bricks for the concrete mixture.

The manufacturing process is no different from laying bricks. All that needs to be done is to create a kind of brick “fence” around the stove of the required height.
After installation, it takes at least 5-7 days for the solution to dry completely. A longer period is required due to the confined space - the solution dries worse in it.
After completing the last stage of work, you should additionally check the strength of the masonry. If necessary, additional basalt slabs can be installed on top of the brick to provide greater security.

Made of metal

Metal structures are more durable, since this material can more easily withstand temperature changes. The complexity of installation and the price of such slabs are slightly higher than their brick counterparts.

The work will require sheet metal: zinc sheets or steel, as well as additional mineral insulating materials that are not subject to combustion and melting at high temperatures. A welding machine and sheet fastening mechanisms are also required.

The thickness of the insulating material should be at least two centimeters, and the height of the shield should be 5-10% greater than the height of the furnace. Remember that the wall of the structure is double, so eight sheets of metal are required to complete the job.

Step-by-step manufacturing instructions

Prepare all necessary materials and consumables;
Place the insulating material in an even layer on the sheet of metal;
A second layer of metal is applied on top;
Special fasteners are welded using a welding machine to hold the structure together.
The produced sheets must be installed around the furnace on all sides using fasteners.
It is recommended to place insulation under the bottom to prevent unintentional charring of the floor and fire in the room.

Waste management activities

Waste management includes activities related to the collection, accumulation, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization and disposal of waste.
All of the listed types, except for waste accumulation, are specific. To carry out these types of waste management, it is necessary to obtain a license in accordance with Federal Law-89 and Federal Law-99. In the process of obtaining a license, one of the stages is to obtain from Rospotrebnadzor a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the declared types of activities/works/services with state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. During the examination of materials justifying such activities, Rospotrebnadzor always requests a calculation of the toxicity class of the waste (what is commonly called a “toxicity passport”). However, the accumulation of waste for a period of no more than 11 months is carried out by absolutely all users of natural resources who generate waste and who are not required to license this activity. Thus, ordinary offices, institutions, and small enterprises that transfer their waste to third parties and do not apply for a license are also required to determine the toxicity class for each transport shipment.

In previous years, Rospotrebnadzor was not particularly persistent in terms of universal compliance with paragraph 2.9 of the Rules, but now information appears about instructions to ordinary natural resource users about the need to eliminate violations of the law in this matter, not to mention those enterprises that received a license after once calculating the toxicity class of their waste and forgetting about it. Determining the toxicity of each transport batch is a financially expensive matter. In addition, Rospotrebnadzor and its subordinate centers of hygiene and epidemiology are directly involved in this. Their services are not cheap, and the work is not completed in one day, so temporary downtime in waste removal is inevitable.

Please note that paragraph 2.9 stipulates that it is not necessary to determine the hazard class of each transport batch of waste in the case of waste storage at landfills (storage sites) of the enterprise; in this case, the selection is carried out once every 3 years. But the fact is that the concept of “waste storage” is not legally enshrined; it is an outdated term, which is now similar to the term “disposal (storage, burial)”, and the period of placement now starts from 11 months, and not from 3 years

The definition of warehousing is only in GOST.

Thus, the lack of unity of terminology in environmental and sanitary legislation becomes the cause of abuse and excessive demands on natural resource users.

Installation Requirements

In 1991, SNiP requirements were approved that determine the distances from heating elements. They indicate the following distances:

from the wall surface to the heater there must be at least 38 cm for protected surfaces and from 50 cm for unprotected ones,
to protected walls – 38 cm,
all opposite walls - from 1.25 m.

According to Finnish standards, it is allowed to protect walls made of wood material with basalt material, metal, or galvanized corrugation. Screens must ensure that there are no gap areas to prevent contact of the flame with combustible materials, and that the outer surfaces are heated to a temperature not exceeding the melting or ignition point.

How to protect the walls of a wooden bathhouse

If your bathhouse is brick, then the risk of fire is minimal and any stove can be installed flush against the wall. But many people prefer to build wooden baths: they are healthier, more comfortable and more economical. But it is no longer possible to place the stove close to the wall, since there is a high probability of spontaneous combustion of the wood.

Good protection for the walls of the bathhouse from the stove is the creation of a protective screen. Unlike complex options with replacing part of the outer wall or laying out the stove in the middle of the steam room, this is simpler and more convenient. Let's consider a heat-resistant screen for a convection-type sauna stove.

Heat-resistant screen for oven

Metal screens for the furnace are assembled from small hollow elements inside, such as boxes. They are framed with stainless steel or sheet metal painted with heat-resistant paint. It turns out that there is an air gap between two sheets of metal, which provides excellent thermal insulation, protecting wooden walls from extreme heat. The temperature that is established in such cases between the screen and the load-bearing wall is no longer sufficient for spontaneous combustion. There are holes at the bottom of the screen, the purpose of which is to create the necessary air circulation and prevent overheating of the steel sheets.

Metal screens for saunas made of polished metal reflect some of the heat back into the room

It is very simple to create such protective screens for sauna stoves with your own hands. The easiest option is to take a sheet of metal. It is better if it is polished - shiny surfaces reflect heat rays well, i.e. it turns out that part of the thermal radiation will be “deployed” into the room, and not absorbed by the metal.

Metal screens for bathhouses are easy to make with your own hands

You cannot attach metal directly to a wooden wall: it gets very hot, and due to its high thermal conductivity, it transfers heat well to the wood. Therefore, they take non-flammable strips of their material with low thermal conductivity, nail/screw them onto the wall, and metal is already attached to them. As a result, an air gap remains between the screen and the wooden wall. And one more nuance: the sheet is positioned so that there are several centimeters from the beginning of the metal to the floor. Then rising air currents will blow across the screen and take away most of the heat.

You can do it differently: lay a layer of thermal insulation on the wall (mineral wool, basalt wool, glass wool, etc.), and attach metal to it. In this case there will be no convection, but the wall will be protected from overheating. The thickness of the material depends on the characteristics of the selected thermal insulator. They fasten it again depending on the type. If it is a rolled material, make a sheathing, the distance between the slats of which is slightly less than the width of the material. Insulation is inserted between the slats. In principle, it should hold well without additional fasteners, but you can additionally secure it using special dowels with a large head. You can place a piece of something dense under a regular nail, but not metal or plastic. If the heat insulator is mineral wool cardboard or asbestos sheet, it can be attached directly to the wall, with a metal sheet on top.

Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the stove can even be a decoration

What else can be used to make a heat-resistant screen for a furnace? Ceramic tiles look good and are easy to clean; artificial or natural stone looks great. You can lay a brick wall along a wooden wall. It is advisable then to take the same brick as for the screen (if you made one). Then the overall design will be in the same style. The cladding made of soapstone slabs or any other natural stone looks very beautiful, especially in combination with a similar lining of the stove. But such screens in bathhouses are rather an exception - the material is very expensive to decorate a bathhouse with.

Benefits of brick

This solution can be seen in almost any bathhouse. The brick finish protects the wall from overheating. Very often this protection is made even more powerful and extended to the floor. Finishing the stove in a bathhouse with brick performs both a protective and decorative function. For it, the same type of brick is taken as for the rest of the stove, or another facing brick of the required appearance is additionally purchased.

The rules for brickwork for walls, the stove and the protective portal around the stove are general.

Strict adherence to row levels and neat and thin seams are necessary.

On the walls and in the oven, bricks are laid with overlapping seams. If the portal is laid out in one layer, then it is not at all necessary to comply with this requirement. This is why you can often see protective portals where bricks are stacked on top of each other.

The horizontal row is checked by level. Covering the wall with bricks is plumb. For a corner stove, three planes are laid out with bricks, two on the walls and one on the floor.

Attention! A more durable option would be to lay them in one layer with a parquet pattern or according to the usual pattern, as for a half-brick wall.

For a stove near the wall, there are only two, of which one is located on the floor, and the second is on one wall. Brick, even if it is laid in one layer, has good thermal insulation ability. Its masonry is carried out directly on wooden walls and floors without other fire-retardant insulation.

It is advisable to lay out the horizontal part of the portal in one row between the foundation of the furnace and the subsequent masonry next to it. This advice should only be followed with brick sauna stoves. It is not suitable for metal ones.

Important! When finishing with ceramic tiles, decorative plaster or steel sheets, the use of additional thermal insulation materials is mandatory.

In baths, thick fireproof cardboard, mineralite or basalt wool are most often used. There are also basalt cardboard and other materials that are a variation of the previous ones. Minerite is the most preferred. These are ready-made boards specially designed for thermal protection in areas around stoves.

Distance from stove to wall

The most durable and reliable barrier that prevents excessive heating of the wall surface from the heat of the stove is the air space between them. If all distances established by standard regulatory documents are observed, you can be 100% sure that there is no reason to fear the walls heating up from the stove body.

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According to standards taken from SNiP 2.04.05-91, the distance from the stove to an unprotected wall with a fire resistance limit of REI 60 must be at least 500 mm (in diagram A

), that is, half a meter.
If you install a dense sheet of non-combustible material (minerite or glass-magnesite) on the wall and additionally attach a reflective layer of stainless steel to it, then this standard distance is reduced to 380 mm (in diagram B
).

The dimensions of the parts of the protective screen structure that protrude beyond the dimensions of the furnace are also regulated (in diagram C

).
This distance should be taken into account when calculating the material to a value of at least 150 mm. As for the distance from the firebox door to the wall opposite it, it cannot be less than 1250 mm (in diagram F
).

However, as practice shows, in order to comply with all these standards you need to have a fairly spacious steam room. And usually this room has very limited space and most of it is planned for shelves, which you want to make as spacious and comfortable as possible. Therefore, it is difficult to imagine a stove located with indentations of half a meter from the walls on each side.

Of course, this is not an excuse for violating fire safety standards established by special responsible authorities based on experimental scientific research. At the same time, manufacturers of Finnish stoves indicate other numbers in the technological documents for their products for the safe placement of their metal stoves in the walls of the steam room. For example, when installing a protective screen, the permissible distance to the wall is only 250 mm.

When is this required?

There are times when there is no need to protect walls. If the stove is located at a safe distance from the wall from a fire safety point of view, the installation of protective screens and other measures can be neglected. The distance from the walls that is required to reduce the heat from the source varies:

A stove laid in a quarter of a brick should be located no closer than 35-40 cm from the wall;
A metal stove without lining should be placed a meter away and no closer;
A metal one with a lined furnace can be installed 70-75cm from the wall.

However, not every steam room has the opportunity to fulfill these requirements, due to the small area. The layout of steam rooms with an area of 6-8 m² can hardly accommodate the necessary set of items for the steaming procedure. Therefore, the need to insulate walls with special sheathing is relevant.

Common Mistakes

Improper shielding of metal furnaces

When creating and installing a structure on their own at home, novice craftsmen often make mistakes. Among them, the most common are:

the lack of sufficient distance between the structure and the walls of the steam room negatively affects the strength of the masonry and fire safety;
lack of distance between the walls of the furnace and the brick, which contributes to disruption of air exchange, overheating of the protective screen and cracking of the masonry;
poorly mixed masonry mortar leads to crumbling of the masonry, the appearance of cracks and the formation of unnecessary gaps.

The technology for creating and installing a protective screen is quite simple. For this reason, even beginners in the construction business can handle it.

When bathhouse walls need to be protected from fire

The distance between the stove and the nearby wall should be safe, that is, it should be enough so that infrared rays have less of an impact on the surface and a fire does not break out in the bathhouse.

Extract from SNiP III-G.11-62

Recess width and method of insulation of walls and partitions

The safe distance between the sauna stove and the walls is determined on the basis of fire safety standards SNiP III-G.11-62 for the operation of stoves installed in rooms with walls or ceilings exposed to fire:

for stoves laid in 1 brick and walls protected with lime or lime-cement plaster, a layer of 25 mm, or brick cladding on asbestos or clay 40 mm thick - no less than 13 cm;
for stoves laid in half brick and walls protected with lime-gypsum plaster, a layer of 25 mm or asbestos-vermiculite slabs with a thickness of 40 mm - no less than 320 mm;
for metal stoves protected by heat-resistant, fire-resistant, fireproof coating and walls protected by 25 mm lime-gypsum plaster - no less than 700 mm;
for metal stoves that do not have heat-resistant, fire-resistant, fireproof coatings and walls protected with 25 mm lime-gypsum plaster - no less than 1000 mm.
Fireproof distances

Installing a stove in a bathhouse + screen

Safe distances for factory heater stoves can be clarified in the product data sheet

Based on SNIP 2.04.05-91, a safe distance is established from the top of the stove to the ceiling:

with a ceiling that is protected by a steel sheet 10 mm thick, laid on asbestos cardboard or plaster laid on a steel mesh and covering the stove with 3 rows of brick - no less than 250 mm,
with a protected ceiling and a thermally insulated ceiling of the top of the metal stove, no less than 800 mm,
with an unprotected ceiling and a stove with an overlap of 2 rows of bricks - no less than 1 m.
with an unprotected ceiling and non-thermally insulated ceiling - no less than 1.2 m.

Fireproof installation of a heater in a bathhouse

Protective brick screen diagram + dimensions

It is clear that a safe distance of 1 m between the stove and the wall can only be ensured in bathhouses with a large area. In private baths with a small area, every centimeter of usable space is saved, so the stoves are placed at a short distance from the walls, and to protect against heat, a brick screen is built or metal sheets are used as cladding, as well as other non-combustible materials that significantly reduce the permissible safe distance.

Schemes for installing a stove in a bathhouse and SNiP recommendations

Installing a stove in a bathhouse with an external firebox: fire safety rules

Regardless of what type of stove is installed, there are a number of requirements that must be met. In particular, we are talking about ensuring that surfaces heated to high temperatures (up to several hundred degrees) do not come into contact with flammable materials.

ON A NOTE! Wood lights up at a temperature of 300 degrees, but with prolonged exposure to even 100 degrees it begins to smolder!

The main source of danger in a bathhouse is the stove. Both the floor and the ceiling need to be protected from it. By the way, you don’t have to protect the walls if you place the stove at a sufficient distance from them.

RULE! According to regulations, the flammable wall and the stove must be separated by at least half a meter.

And even if you are busy installing a stove in a bathhouse with an external firebox, the first thing you need to do is protect its base. It doesn’t matter whether you place it on a foundation or directly on a wooden floor - in any case, you need to lay a sheet of fire-resistant material (asbestos or basalt cardboard, for example) under the stove, on top of which you need to place a sheet of metal.

Foundation diagram for a massive furnace (see more about furnace foundations).

Asbestos cardboard for placing under a not very heavy stove (see more about installing stoves).

Another universal point of fire protection is the correct installation of the chimney through the ceiling and roof.

Ceiling passage box

IMPORTANT! The correct way is to pass the chimney through a cutting box, which is a metal container filled with refractory. The box creates a buffer between the hot pipe and the wooden floor. The walls remain

Since in this case we are talking about installing a stove with a remote firebox, the main “problem” will be the passage of the fuel channel directly through the wall, and the distance between the wall and the stove will be minimal - about 5 cm on average. This means that covering the wall with fireproof materials alone will not do.

The walls remain. Since in this case we are talking about installing a stove with a remote firebox, the main “problem” will be the passage of the fuel channel directly through the wall, and the distance between the wall and the stove will be minimal - about 5 cm on average. This means that covering the wall with fireproof materials alone will not do.

Therefore, we will analyze two options: installing a stove in a bathhouse with an external firebox, when the walls are flammable (that is, wooden) and non-flammable (brick, block concrete). The material is also a criterion for dividing stoves into separate types; in accordance with this classification, metal and brick stoves are distinguished. Some experts classify cast iron stoves as a separate category. In addition, there are other types of stoves:

by type of fuel: wood, gas, electric;
by type of construction;
to size;
in terms of cost, inexpensive; in demand;
hiking;
with open or closed heater;
for baths and saunas.

Types of structures

To begin with, it is necessary to say that there are two types of similar structures that have a similar purpose and at the same time can perform different additional functions. Modern protective screens for sauna stoves quite often combine several different materials and are made in accordance with the design of the stove.

Taking into account these features, the craftsmen try to combine all the properties of similar products in order to achieve maximum results.

Full brick lining will allow for insulation around the entire perimeter of the device

Very often when creating ovens with their own hands, craftsmen resort to creating brick screens.
Usually this is a partition that separates the metal product from the walls. It prevents the spread of infrared radiation to wooden surfaces and protects them from high temperatures that can lead to fire.
The installation instructions also advise installing such structures between metal sauna stoves and the place where people will be. So intense radiation will heat the partition, which will play the role of an additional heater. However, it is worth remembering that when using a simple wall, you should leave a small air space.

The simplest brick partition can become an excellent screen

Arbitrage practice

Many enterprises tried to fight the requirements for widespread implementation of the SP in terms of determining hazard classes for each transport batch of waste. An attempt was also made by Gazprom Transgaz Ukhta LLC. In 2009, the company filed an application with the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to challenge SP 2.1.7.1386-03″. The statement states that they were adopted by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation with excess of authority, do not comply with Articles 14, 20 of the Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”, paragraph 1 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 26, 2000 N 818, paragraph 5.3.7 Regulations on the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004 N 401, and unlawfully impose on Gazprom Transgaz Ukhta LLC the responsibility for establishing the hazard classes of all waste generated by society, according to the degree of their toxicity .

However, the Supreme Court reviewed the case materials and found the application not to be satisfied. From clause 1.1 of the Sanitary Rules it follows that they were developed in accordance with Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 N 554. Clause 2 of Article 51 of Law No. 52-FZ as amended in force on On the day of adoption of the joint venture, the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation was vested with advising powers.

By virtue of paragraph 1 of Article 2 of this Federal Law, legal regulation in the field of waste management can be carried out by other laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. These include, in particular, the Federal Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” and the Regulations approved by Resolution No. 554, in pursuance of which the Sanitary Rules were adopted. According to paragraph 1 of Article 14 of the Federal Law “On Industrial and Consumption Waste,” hazardous waste is divided into hazard classes in accordance with the criteria established by the federal executive authorities in the field of waste management in accordance with their competence.

Thus, the legislator stipulates that such federal executive authorities independently establish the criteria by which waste is divided into hazard classes. Sanitary rules, differentiating waste into four hazard classes, were introduced in order to establish and prevent the harmful effects of toxic waste on the environment and human health. Taking into account the above, the Sanitary Rules and other documents do not contradict. By decision of May 26, 2009 N GKPI09-385 of the Supreme Court, the application was rejected. In the future, judicial practice also develops mainly not in favor of natural resource users.

On the decision of the Moscow Arbitration Court dated August 12, 2013 in case No. A40-68900/13

During a scheduled on-site inspection, it was found that for various construction waste generated during technological processes and operation of buildings and structures, the enterprise has not determined and has not agreed with the institution exercising state sanitary and epidemiological control, the hazard classes of production and consumption waste for public health and the human environment, which is a violation of clause 2.10 SP 2.1.7.1386-03.

On May 8, 2013, an official of the Department drew up a protocol on an administrative offense against LLC “...” and issued Resolution No. 503 of May 21, 2013 imposing an administrative penalty. The Moscow Arbitration Court examined the evidence presented. Thus, from the stage of waste generation, a legal entity is responsible for determining the hazard classes of waste generated as a result of its economic activities and their coordination with the institution exercising state sanitary and epidemiological control in the relevant territory.

However, in the process of carrying out business activities, the Company did not ensure compliance with the above requirements. By decision of August 12, 2013, the Moscow Arbitration Court refused to satisfy the stated demands of LLC “...”, the applicant’s guilt was proven, confirmed by relevant evidence, materials of the administrative case and constitutes an administrative offense under Article 8.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Installation Requirements

In 1991, SNiP requirements were approved that determine the distances from heating elements. They indicate the following distances:

from the wall surface to the heater there must be at least 38 cm for protected surfaces and from 50 cm for unprotected surfaces;
to protected walls – 38 cm;
all opposite walls - from 1.25 m.

When to create fire-resistant walls

The creation of a fire wall is necessary when it is not possible to adhere to standard fire safety rules. Namely:

the gap between the brick wall and the stove is less than 32 cm;
the distance from the ceilings to the metal stove is less than one meter;
from a metal stove, which is lined with brick from the inside, to the wall less than 70 cm.

Actually, this is why there are special fire-resistant materials that help to significantly reduce the likelihood of fires and other unforeseen situations.

What stone is better to protect the stove?

A brick screen is the optimal solution for a metal sauna stove, and here’s why:

Installation diagram of a stove with a brick lining.

the material completely screens the flow of infrared radiation;
receiving radiation, the brickwork accumulates heat, and then releases it into the room for a long time;
a brick partition is fire-resistant and will provide protection for wooden structures;
construction will not require large investments;
covering a homemade steel stove is a good way to cover it beautifully.

Solid ceramic bricks have the best properties for constructing a protective screen. It is characterized by high heat capacity, fire resistance and attractive appearance, especially if you use facing varieties.

Red hollow stone can also be used for a screen, but you need to understand that it does not accumulate heat so well, is sensitive to temperature changes and will last less.

Putting a fireclay brick screen in a bathhouse would be expensive and also pointless. Fireclay is not so heat-intensive, and there are no too high temperatures in this zone.

Lime-based silicate bricks are absolutely not suitable. Due to temperature changes and high humidity, it will quickly begin to crumble.

Types of materials

Refractory materials can be roughly divided according to the method of heat transfer:

Heat reflective – aimed at reflecting infrared radiation into the room;
Preventing loss due to its physical and chemical properties.

On video of fireproof materials for walls around furnaces:

But all of them can also differ in the type of raw materials from which they are produced:

With organic components, for example, polystyrene foam materials, although their fire resistance is very low, they are best suited for walls near stoves with low heat;
Inorganic is a broad class of non-combustible materials for insulating walls of a wide variety of fire resistance, including very flammable ones, such as wooden floors. These include stone and basalt wool, pressed into large slabs, fiberglass wool, lightweight cellular concrete slabs with fire retardant impregnations, honeycomb plastics, foamed perlite or vermiculite, and polypropylene. However, such a beautiful decorative thing as Leroy Merlin sheet plastic is definitely not suitable.
Mixed type - these include asbestos-cement refractories, asbestos-lime or silica, foamed from a variety of inorganic substances.

Basic requirements for refractory materials

Many country buildings are built from wood, be it a cylindrical or frame house; without a stove or fireplace it is difficult to survive a frosty winter, so their arrangement is approached very carefully, and the materials placed around the stoves are chosen so that they are:

Effectively and reliably prevented any attempted fires;
Environmentally friendly, so that when heated they do not release harmful substances into the home air.

But what are the dimensions of a standard oven brick can be seen here.

You may also be interested in learning about what kind of brick is used for laying stoves.

Types of partitions

Depending on the functional purpose and configuration, screens are conventionally divided into the following types:

Brick protective screen for the furnace.

Protective partitions. Protect people from direct exposure to radiant heat.
Fire screens. They are built between a wooden wall and a stove in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.
Decorative. They are made in the shape of a semicircle or in the form of arched vaults over steel stoves made of pipe.

A fire screen is in any case necessary for fencing wooden structures, even when the sauna stove is equipped with a metal casing. The rules allow the use of ordinary sheet metal for this purpose, but a brick partition will look much more aesthetically pleasing.

Covering homemade heaters of various designs with bricks is a way to successfully cover them, since such products do not shine with beauty. If the heat source is welded from a vertical pipe, a circular screen can be built around it. A brick arch is built above the horizontal pipe.

Decorative plaster

Plaster for stoves began to be used relatively recently. Indeed, a good stove does not need to be plastered. It is made either of high-quality brick, which in itself looks decorative, or of metal, which also does not need plaster.

In this case, we are not talking about plastering the stove itself, but about creating a protective separating layer of plaster between the walls and the stove. Plaster is quite suitable here.

Finishing the walls in the bathhouse around the stove with decorative plaster is especially often done when the stove is not placed in a steam room.

In this case, the requirements for moisture resistance are much lower.

When required

A stove laid in a quarter of a brick should be located no closer than 35-40 cm from the wall;
A metal stove without lining should be placed a meter away and no closer;
A metal one with a lined furnace can be installed 70-75cm from the wall.

Functions

The protective screen performs the following important functions:

Protects against thermal burns;
Prevents burning out of surrounding flammable objects;
Decorates the interior space of the bathhouse.

It is for these reasons that a stainless steel protective screen for a bathhouse or brick is an extremely important attribute on which it is unacceptable to skimp.

Kinds

People who have installed metal stove equipment in the bathhouse should think in advance about the location and material of the protective screens. There are several types of protection:

Metal. Made from stainless steel or cast iron. Metal partitions reflect heat towards the steam room

Sheets of steel quickly heat up to high temperatures, which is why any careless touch to them can result in a burn. To make the protection safe, a 10 cm wide frame is made on top of it, which is filled with expanded clay, crushed stone or broken brick

The distance from the stove to the wall in the bathhouse should not be less than 12 cm. Under the metal layer, you need to fix a sheet of basalt, which will increase fire safety. Brick. Another material that is often used to make protective screens. For construction, you need to use fireclay bricks. It is important to take into account that the structure should be located 20 cm above the furnace equipment. Several holes must be made on the lower part of the brickwork, which will ensure the air exchange process between the screen and the heater. Wood Decorative fences around the stove are often made from this material. Their main task is to protect bathhouse visitors from getting burns. Wooden fences are made at a distance of 50 cm from the furnace equipment. In this case, the wood must be treated with fire-resistant impregnation. If the wood turns black after several kindlings, the screen should be moved away from heating surfaces.

In addition to making a reflective screen, you can additionally sheathe the walls, floor, and ceiling with non-flammable materials:

mineralite slabs;
asbestos cardboard;
basalt wool.

To obtain reliable protection against high temperatures, these materials can be combined with stainless steel sheets.

In construction stores you can find ready-made screens made of galvanized steel. It is impossible to install such structures, since galvanized steel releases harmful substances when heated strongly.

Floor screens can be purchased together with a metal stove. They are made of cast iron and stainless steel. Homemade floor screens can be made from the same materials or from fireclay bricks.

Brick screen

Recommendations

When assembling protective screens, various difficulties may arise. To avoid them, you need to consider some recommendations:

A gap of 3 cm must be left between the brickwork and the heating walls of the furnace. Otherwise, the brickwork will quickly crack from overheating and the pressure of the expanding metal.
When mixing the solution, you need to choose components that are resistant to high heat.
The protection, made of stainless steel, quickly loses its visual properties if the stove is fired very often. To preserve the appearance, you can coat metal surfaces with special paint or regularly wipe them with detergents.

By following these recommendations, you can make durable, effective protection for walls and floors from the heat of the stove.

Increasingly, metal stoves are being installed in modern baths. Their walls become very hot during operation, which negatively affects nearby surfaces of the room. To protect wooden walls from heat, you need to make a special screen. It can be made of metal and brick, combined with thermal insulation materials.