The nuances of insulating the walls of a wooden bathhouse from the outside with your own hands

When it comes to insulating a bathhouse, for most cases the best is insulation from the inside, because this method is the most common and effective. External insulation is more typical for residential buildings. For any bathhouse, ceiling insulation is necessary, especially for buildings with an attic, it may be necessary to insulate the floor and roof, but wall insulation is a more variable issue.

It is not at all necessary to insulate a wooden bathhouse, you cannot do without insulating frame walls, but brick and block walls - here again you need to think about whether it is necessary. And if necessary, then how: from the inside or from the outside.

To provide the most complete and objective information, we will also consider possible options for insulating baths from the outside. The choice of insulation is discussed in another section.

Modes of using a bathhouse and the need for external insulation

If the owner expects occasional use of the object for its intended purpose (no more than once a week), he expects the steam room to completely cool down between sessions.
That is, internal insulation is arranged based on rapid heating with a rise in temperature from the street temperature to 60 ° C - 90 ° C. In this case, installing thermal insulation on the street side does not make sense: in winter, this measure will not save the building from freezing for 3-4 days. The cooling of the room will slow down, but in the end, almost as much energy will need to be spent on each heating as in the absence of external insulation. Insulation of bath walls from inside and outside

When using a steam room every 2 - 3 days, the question is “how to cover the outside of the bathhouse?” is no longer idle for materials with high heat capacity (brick, concrete). Daily use (for example, for commercial purposes) makes it advisable to cover the bathhouse with insulating materials on both sides, regardless of the type of load-bearing walls.

Another option for using a bathhouse that justifies double-sided insulation, regardless of the heat capacity and vapor permeability of the rough walls, is to conduct several paired sessions within one day. At the same time, the bathing day itself may not be repeated often.

Plastic panels

The use of plastic panels makes it possible to carry out cladding work quite cheaply. This is due to the cost of the material itself, which does not need to be painted or carefully processed. A bathhouse made of plastic looks monolithic and has all the qualities of one covered with siding. The log house should be treated with bioprotective liquids before installation work.

Plastic paneling

But you will never need paint for such cladding, which is what makes finishing a bathhouse with this material such an economical option. Panels, like all previous cladding methods, require a frame. Thin wooden slats are perfect for this. But the log house of the bathhouse should be made only of timber.

How to insulate a bathhouse from the outside

To insulate a bathhouse from the outside, two technologies are used: “wet facade” and “ventilated facade”. In the first case, the thermal insulation is slabs of polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene or basalt wool. First, they are glued to the wall with foam, additionally secured with plastic dowels and umbrellas, and decorative plaster is applied on top. In the second case, a lathing is attached to the wall of the bathhouse. The cells are filled with mineral wool or basalt slabs, covered with windproof film, and a counter-lattish is filled onto which the facing material is attached. A gap remains between the film and the lining, forming a ventilated space.

Insulation using mineral wool insulation

Mineral wool insulation has been used for several decades, and judging by the fact that the number of products on this basis continues to grow, there is still a demand for it. An alternative to mineral wool is Rockwool Sauna Butts for baths.

Despite the fact that there are now many other insulators that are higher quality, more reliable and easier to use, such materials are still relevant.

Mineral wool is usually sold in rolls or slabs. For walls, of course, the second option is more convenient - rolls are best used for horizontal surfaces. In addition, it can be used to insulate the ceiling in a bathhouse.

The thermal conductivity of the product is not the best: this indicator is around 0.04 W/mK (depending on the type and brand). However, since the insulation will be attached from the outside, this is not a significant drawback - it can simply be used in a thick layer. But some properties of mineral wool make it not the most successful material:

• poor resistance to moisture - when exposed to moisture, the material crumples and cakes;
• increased complexity of work (compared to foam plastic);
• the need to use protective equipment for the skin and face.

One of the tangible advantages (besides the relative cheapness) is the fact that mineral wool can be mounted even on uneven wall surfaces that have protrusions and differences in height.

The process itself, if you do it yourself, looks something like this (the list of steps is the same for both a brick bathhouse and a building made from expanded clay concrete blocks):

1. The surface of the walls is checked - there should be no cracks, chips or holes on them. If there are any, they should be sealed with plaster.
2. The surface of the walls is primed at least once.
3. Wooden sheathing is being installed.
4. A vapor barrier film is glued to the wall (you can skip this point).
5. Insulation is laid between the sheathing.
6. A waterproofing film is stretched over the sheathing (when insulating with mineral wool, this is a mandatory nuance).
7. Installation of facing material is in progress.

Insulation with foam or polystyrene foam

Insulators from the category of gas-filled plastics have also been known for quite a long time. The brightest and most popular representative is ordinary polystyrene foam. This insulation is extremely easy to use - you can easily install the blocks yourself, even if you didn’t even know how to do it before.

It is not surprising that this particular material is widely and universally used for insulating various parts of buildings, including as insulation for saunas.

Its higher quality and more efficient “brother” is extruded polystyrene foam. This insulation has better thermal conductivity (approximately 0.03-0.035 versus 0.04 for polystyrene foam) and is completely resistant to moisture. By the way, the thermal insulation of baths and saunas can be done with his participation.

The materials themselves are similar in appearance, light in weight (which, again, simplifies DIY work) and are absolutely identical in terms of application. By the way, as for the work itself, such insulation does not require any precautions (like mineral wool).

However, laying blocks requires a perfectly flat surface, which complicates the process somewhat. The sequence of do-it-yourself actions is as follows (the same for both a brick building and a structure made of expanded clay concrete blocks):

1. The surface of the walls is checked - there should be no cracks, chips or holes on them. If there are any, they should be sealed with plaster, then insulation for the walls of the bathhouse is applied.
2. The surface of the walls is primed at least once.
3. Starting from the bottom corner (any) and moving sideways, the foam/EPS is glued to the surface using a special adhesive solution (sold in the same place as the insulation itself).
4. Each of the blocks is additionally fixed with self-tapping screws (approximately 5 pieces per 1 sheet).
5. The joints between the sheets are taped or foamed. Alternatively, you can simply cover them with plaster.
6. A waterproofing film is stretched over the insulation onto the sheathing.
7. Installation of the facing layer and further finishing are carried out.

Insulation using sprayed polyurethane foam

A relatively new insulation technology is spraying polyurethane foam. This insulator is a liquid insulator - it is obtained by mixing two components. Preparation is carried out directly at the work site, in a special installation.

The container of such units is equipped with a stirrer to maintain the desired consistency of the solution. Higher quality and more expensive models are also equipped with heating (necessary for the same purposes).

The selection of insulation for a bath can be based on this material. The insulation itself can safely be called ideal: it is lightweight, not afraid of moisture or any other negative factors (rodents, mold), and has minimal thermal conductivity (around 0.025 W/mK).

Interesting: Technology and features of wood impregnation

In addition, the surface of expanded clay concrete (or any other) walls does not require leveling, and the resulting insulation layer is monolithic and has no seams or joints.

Its main disadvantage is the impossibility of using it yourself: the above-mentioned special installation is expensive. And the spraying service itself is also expensive.

To familiarize yourself, here is the sequence of actions when using this technology:

1. The surface is checked for cracks and chips. If available, they are covered with plaster.
2. PPU is being prepared.
3. The sheathing is mounted on the wall.
4. PPU is sprayed onto the surface.
5. On top of the insulation, along the sheathing, the cladding is installed and further finishing is carried out.

We select materials

Today, many effective thermal insulation materials have already been created with similar thermal conductivity coefficients λ = 0.03-0.04 W/m*C. This is where their similarities sometimes end, since there are a number of other important parameters on which the technologies for their use depend. The most important characteristic for insulating the walls of a bathhouse from the outside is also the coefficient of vapor permeability (μ, mg/m*h*Pa). After all, no matter how good a vapor barrier you make, moist air will find ways to migrate through the walls to the outside. Therefore, steam must be able to freely evaporate into the atmosphere without accumulating inside walls or insulating material. Otherwise, accumulation of dampness cannot be avoided, which can lead to damage and destruction of both the wall itself and the thermal insulation. To avoid this, you should follow two rules:

1. Minimize the amount of migrating steam through the building envelope. The solution is to install a high-quality insulating membrane from the inside of the building and arrange effective ventilation of the premises.
2. Providing conditions for free diffusion of steam. Solution - materials are selected according to the condition that their coefficient μ increases towards the outer surface of the building.

Figure 3

Is it possible to insulate a bathhouse with foam plastic from the outside?

Even if we do not take into account the low environmental performance of expanded polystyrene (EPS, EPS) and its fire hazard, then installing such slabs on walls almost completely blocks the migration of moisture. In addition, insulating a bathhouse with foam plastic violates the principle of the ratio of the coefficient μ between the internal and external layers. Paying attention to the data from Table 1 for the most likely combinations of materials, it becomes clear that the steam simply will not have time to erode through the sheathing slabs.

As a result, condensation will begin to accumulate on the outer boundary surface of the wall, with all the ensuing (literally and figuratively) negative consequences.

Table 1.

From the same table 1, it is obvious that whether it is insulating a wooden bathhouse, brick or foam blocks, an increase in the coefficient of vapor permeability to the outside is possible if the enclosing structures are covered with mineral wool or ecowool. Then, all the steam that has penetrated into the layer of thermal insulation from the walls will have time to erode.

Figure 4

How to insulate a bathhouse ceiling from the outside

Inside the bathhouse, the ceiling is insulated in the same way as the walls, and a ventilated space is provided. From the outside of the attic, another technology is used. When the rough board ceiling is lined, it is covered with two layers of fiberglass. It is not advisable to use roofing material, since heating will cause an unpleasant smell of bitumen to appear inside the steam room.

Even rolled mineral wool can serve as thermal insulation, but in order to save money, natural materials are used for insulation. The space between the beams is filled with expanded clay. Kneading clay with the addition of fine straw, shavings, and sawdust is suitable.

When the clay pouring hardens and dries, slabs of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene are laid on top. The thermal insulation is covered with waterproofing, and a thin concrete screed is poured. You can even walk on this surface. If the attic of the bathhouse is allocated for a rest room, after insulation the final layer is laid on the finished floor.

Ventilated facade method

If the bathhouse is built using frame technology or the walls are made of timber or logs, the outside can only be insulated by installing a ventilated façade. For thermal insulation it is better to use basalt slabs. Rolled mineral wool sags over time, slides, and does not hold well between the sheathing elements.

Insulation from the outside begins with preparing the walls. First, they caulk the cracks and crevices between the crowns. The wood is treated with a protective impregnation. Rotten areas must be replaced. A vapor barrier is attached to the prepared wooden wall of the bathhouse.

Advice! It is better to use a special membrane as a vapor barrier for wooden bath walls.

The location of the sheathing elements is drawn using the vapor barrier material. Along the marked lines, brackets in the form of U-shaped perforated plates are attached to the walls. Pieces of roofing felt are placed under each element. The lathing is assembled from a galvanized profile or wooden blocks. The elements are fixed to perforated brackets with self-tapping screws.

When the sheathing is ready, they begin to insulate the walls of the bathhouse. Basalt wool is placed between the vertical elements. The slabs must fit tightly without gaps. The top of the insulation is covered with wind protection. The film is fixed with a stapler to the sheathing elements.

To create a ventilated space under the cladding, slats are nailed onto the vertical elements of the sheathing on top of the windbreak, forming a counter-lattice. The cladding is attached from any panels you like. To insulate the outside of a bathhouse, the Block House, which imitates a log house, is most often chosen.

Advice! If desired, the “ventilated facade” technology can be used for bathhouses made of bricks, blocks and other materials.

Continuous external thermal insulation depending on the material of the load-bearing walls

How to insulate a bathhouse from the outside if it is not intended to seal the joints, but rather to install a thermal insulating lining? Let's look at the types of load-bearing walls:

Before insulating a bathhouse, it is necessary to correctly calculate the thickness of the insulation layer

• Brickwork or concrete structure. The types are combined into one category because they relate to inertial buildings with high heat capacity and high permissible moisture accumulation.
• Foam concrete and gas blocks. They occupy an intermediate position between log houses and brick baths.
• Log house Requires strict consideration of the relative vapor permeability of each layer of the insulating sandwich.

How to insulate a log sauna from the outside

Almost all insulation of a log bath comes down to carefully sealing the cracks. Even during construction, a special jute insulation was laid between the crowns, but over time the wood dries out, cracks, and new cracks form, which need to be caulked regularly.

Insulation of a log bath

After erecting the frame and caulking the cracks, the building must remain under the roof for at least six months. It is advisable not to use the bathhouse during this time. The log house will shrink, the wood will dry out, and new cracks and gaps will appear. These are the ones that need to be caulked. For this purpose, a special insulation based on jute and flax is used. Jute itself conducts heat poorly and does not burn, but its disadvantage is low elasticity (it tears easily). To solve this problem, flax fibers are added to the insulation for log houses. Thin strips of material are driven into the cracks using a hammer and a special metal caulking blade. This must be done carefully to prevent distortion of the structure.

There is also a special sealant for sealing cracks in wooden buildings. It’s easier to work with: a special syringe fills all available voids.

Insulating a log bath using sealant

A log house shrinks within two years. At this time, it is not recommended to cover it with finishing materials. This way you will have access to newly appearing cracks that need to be periodically sealed from the inside and outside. To protect the insulation from the effects of precipitation, the outside of the building can be covered with film, securing it with strips.

Two years after construction, you can begin finishing. For many this will sound ridiculous, but structures made of logs can be sheathed with a block house, clapboard, imitation timber, or dies. To begin with, a sheathing is mounted on the wall (if it is made of wood, it must be treated with antibacterial impregnations and increases resistance to fire), which is checked for verticality and horizontality using a building level.

Lathing for insulation and finishing

Finishing material is attached to the sheathing, which is then coated with varnish or other protective compounds. If you choose metal guides, they are mounted on special hangers.

Insulation on the outside of a log bath is almost never used, and the inside is only sometimes additionally insulated in the steam room and washing room. If you decide to play it safe and insulate the building, if the insulation is afraid of moisture, a vapor or water barrier is laid on top of it. It is secured using strips, onto which the trim is subsequently attached.

Insulation of a bathhouse made of timber from the outside

The insulation of a bathhouse made of timber from the outside is absolutely no different from the insulation of a bathhouse made of logs. The building must also stand, cracks also appear in it, which are sealed in the same way.

Insulation of a bathhouse made of timber

The need for external insulation depends on the thickness of the timber. If its thickness is insufficient for your climate zone, insulation will need to be done according to the following scheme:

• lathing made of timber or metal guides (be sure to align them in both horizontal and vertical planes);
• heat insulator (thickness depends on the climate zone, wall thickness, and type of thermal insulation);
• moisture and wind protection;
• counter lathing (not necessary, but there should be a gap between the protective film and finishing materials);
• Decoration Materials.

Insulation of a bathhouse from the outside The
outside of a bathhouse is usually sheathed from timber: clapboard of any type, edged board, siding, metal profile, block house, etc. After completion of the work, the wooden finish is coated with varnishes for exterior use, sometimes pre-treated with coloring pigments, but many modern compositions also have a tinting effect, which, of course, is convenient.

If siding is used as a finishing material, then the presence of a ventilation gap between the insulation and the finishing is mandatory. In this case, it is advisable to use special guides as lathing, which can be purchased in the same place where siding is purchased. The guides are mounted on special hangers.

Metal siding guides are mounted on special hangers

Insulation of a brick bathhouse from the outside

It is imperative to insulate a brick bathhouse from the outside - this material has high thermal conductivity, so without external insulation it will be extremely difficult to warm the room to the required conditions. The sequence of insulation is the same: frame, insulation, moisture and wind insulation, ventilation gap, sheathing.

Insulation scheme for a brick bath

For external insulation, it is usually recommended to use mineral wool. According to recent studies, they are not suitable for internal insulation of a bathhouse - they emit formaldehyde, but for external insulation they are one of the best options. You can also insulate a brick bathhouse from the outside with polystyrene foam boards, polystyrene foam (it is cheaper, but polystyrene is more durable), foam glass (its disadvantage is its high price). To ensure high-quality work, it is recommended to lay two layers intercut (offset by half the length) to reduce heat loss by overlapping the seams. But this method takes more time, and it takes twice as much materials for insulation. Therefore, most often, insulation is done in one layer, tightly laying one mat to another, and the joints are taped with reinforced tape.

Interesting: Popular means for self-processing lining in a bathhouse

Fabric reinforced PVC tape

To cover the outside of a brick bathhouse, you can use wooden finishing materials or siding. There is another option for exterior finishing: you can decorate the outside of the bathhouse with plaster. This is possible if polystyrene boards, foam glass or foam plastic were used as insulation. Then a reinforcing mesh is placed on top of this material, a primer is applied, and then the walls are plastered.

Scheme of insulation of a brick bath and finishing with plaster

You can insulate a brick bathhouse using the type of ventilated facade. In this case, special L-shaped brackets are attached to the wall (the installation step is 1 cm less than the width of the insulation), between which mats or insulation boards are tightly installed.

Insulation scheme for a brick bathhouse based on the principle of a ventilated facade

For reliability, they can be reinforced with special dowels, but this is not necessary - the material itself must hold quite firmly (that’s why they make the fastening step of the guides 1 cm less than the width of the insulation - it is held in place by elastic force). The joints of the slabs are glued with reinforced tape, or treated with special glue, a waterproofing film is laid on top, and secured with strips. Now guides are installed on the brackets, which support the insulation and at the same time serve as the basis for installing the exterior trim. Using this scheme, you can also insulate baths made of foam blocks, cinder blocks or aerated concrete.

Finishing the outside of a bathhouse made of blocks

Any of the insulation schemes described above can be applied to block baths. In addition, there is another option: to cover such a bathhouse with decorative bricks, but this option of finishing and insulation is possible if the temperature in the bathhouse is maintained above zero at all times.

Exterior decoration of the bathhouse with decorative bricks

If you decide to line a bathhouse made of blocks with bricks, you can lay out the second wall not closely, but retreating 5-10 centimeters. In this case, the thermal insulation characteristics of the building will be much improved. The gap can be left empty, or it can be filled with thermal insulation material: expanded clay, sawdust that has undergone special treatment, etc.

Insulation scheme for aerated concrete baths

To prevent moisture from accumulating in the space between the walls, small ventilation gaps are left in the outer wall, and to securely fix the finishing wall, small pieces of fastening reinforcement are driven into the load-bearing wall.

Recently, finishing material such as a block house, which emits a log wall, has become increasingly popular. Block houses are made from different materials: PVC (vinyl), metal or wood. A bathhouse made of blocks, lined with a block house, looks as if it is made of wood.

Block bathhouse covered with a block house

Insulation of different types of walls

Owners sometimes insulate the bathhouse from the outside at their own discretion. The procedure is not cheap. If the cost of heat loss exceeds the cost of cladding materials, the work will have to be done.

How to insulate a wooden bathhouse from the outside

Thick walls made of timber or logs. There is no point in insulating them from the outside. Wood itself is the insulation material, plus the internal thermal insulation of the bathhouse. Walls made of timber or logs are insulated by sealing cracks. Caulk the gaps between the crowns with flax, eliminate cracks near the frames of windows and doors.

If a wooden bathhouse is made of boards or the walls are made of thin beams or logs, a ventilated façade is installed outside. Polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene cannot be used even in this technology. The boards do not allow moisture to pass through. For this reason, they do not combine well with wood. Wooden walls will begin to rot from the vapors accumulated under the insulation. It is better to install basalt wool in a ventilated façade.

Advice! If the log house is warm but unsightly, the outside of the bathhouse can be lined with a ventilated façade without thermal insulation. Only steam and waterproofing and sheathing are attached under the panels.

Insulation of a frame bath

A special feature of frame buildings is the presence of insulation inside the walls. There is no need for additional costs for external insulation. For beauty, you can install a ventilated façade without thermal insulation. Only if the insulation inside the frame has become unusable, then a full-fledged ventilated façade with basalt slabs is installed on the outside.

Insulation of a brick bath

For a bathhouse made of brick, cinder block, foam block and other similar materials, it is advisable to insulate the outside. Preference here is given to “wet facade” technologies. Such insulation is cheaper. Budget thermal insulation is polystyrene foam. Expanded polystyrene or basalt slabs will cost a little more. The thermal insulation on top is covered with decorative plaster and painted with facade paint.

When the budget allows, the outside walls are insulated using the “ventilated facade” technology. If for a wooden bath you can only use basalt wool, then here you can lay foam or expanded polystyrene slabs between the sheathing. It is only important to seal all joints and cracks with polyurethane foam to avoid the formation of cold bridges.

Is it necessary to insulate the foundation of a bathhouse from the outside?

To make sure of the importance of external foundation insulation, it is worth considering 5 reasons:

1. On a cold foundation in winter, a temperature difference forms in a heated bathhouse. The resulting condensation destroys the concrete base.
2. The problem with condensation occurs even in summer. An uninsulated foundation is heated by the sun from the outside, but the cold and moisture of the earth is drawn from the inside. The temperature difference is similar.
3. A foundation that is not insulated from the outside cools the steam room faster. The bathhouse has to be heated more often.
4. On the outside, thermal insulation in winter softens the impact of heaving soil on the foundation.
5. A thick layer of thermal insulation on the outside protects the foundation from destruction and accidental mechanical influences.

The listed 5 reasons convince us that insulating the foundation of a bathhouse from the outside is necessary. It can be carried out simultaneously with thermal insulation from the inside. It is impossible to do only internal insulation of the base of the bathhouse. Due to temperature changes, concrete will begin to collapse on the street side.

How to insulate the foundation of a bathhouse from the outside with your own hands

There are different ways to insulate the base from the outside. They all depend on the type of soil where the bathhouse is built, as well as on the design of the foundation itself.

The strip foundation is dug around the outside with a trench 50 cm wide. The depth is maintained at least 80 cm. A 20 cm layer of sand is poured into the trench. The concrete strip is cleaned of dirt and treated with hot bitumen. After the waterproofing has hardened, the base is covered with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. Plates 15 cm thick are glued with foam and additionally secured with dowels and umbrellas. When using expanded polystyrene, the gap between the trench wall and the insulation is filled with sand. The foam is covered with a brick wall. From above, the entire pie around the base is filled with a concrete blind area at an angle of 15 degrees.

A monolithic foundation is usually laid under a bathhouse in a swampy area. The base is insulated during the construction stage. Expanded polystyrene is embedded between the layers of concrete screed. On the walls outside the foundation of the bathhouse, insulation with your own hands occurs according to the principle of a strip base.

The columnar foundation creates a gap between the soil and the lower crown of the bathhouse. To insulate it, it needs to be bricked. First, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the bathhouse. The parameters are the same as for insulating a concrete strip. The bottom of the trench is covered with a 25 cm layer of sand and filled with water. When the pillow is compacted, they begin to lay out the wall. Concrete can be poured up to the ground level, and rows of bricks can be laid above. A gap is left between the last row and the crown of the bath and filled with polyurethane foam. The built base is insulated from the outside using the strip foundation method.

Preparatory work

When the insulation is selected, it is necessary to purchase all additional materials necessary to work with it and prepare the tools. To insulate a bath you may need:

• construction knife;
• roulette;
• level;
• hammer;
• brushes and/or spatulas;
• sledgehammer;
• construction mixer;
• container for mixing solutions;
• work clothes, mittens, rags.

It is better to make a list of everything you need after it has been determined how best to insulate the walls of the bathhouse, floor or ceiling, and all the necessary materials have been purchased.

How to insulate the foundation of a bathhouse?

Polystyrene foam is excellent for foundation insulation. But we must not forget that the insulation crumbles and is afraid of mechanical damage. To protect it from the outside, it is necessary to make a protective partition from boards or bricks.

Foam plastic is optimal for insulating the foundation. It does not allow water to pass through and the foundation will be reliably protected.

Polystyrene foam has proven to work well as insulation for the foundation of a sauna on loamy and clay soil. Since moisture does not get inside the material, it will protect the base of the bathhouse from moisture and heaving in spring and winter. But you should not use insulation when the groundwater level is higher than usual and flooding cannot be avoided. Moisture getting under the foam cannot evaporate and the foundation will begin to collapse.

The thickness of the foam for insulating the foundation of a bathhouse is chosen according to your region, so for the middle part of Russia 50 mm is suitable. In the corners of the structure, thicker material of 100 mm is used, since heat loss in the corners is the highest.

Progress of foundation insulation work:

The foundation is first excavated and cleaned of dirt. Apply a primer made of bitumen mastic and a waterproofing agent, for example, liquid rubber, to the wall. The coating is left to dry for 1–2 hours.

The foam is attached directly to the foundation wall using bitumen mastic or a polymer-based adhesive. The slabs begin to be laid from below, and they must rest on a hard base. If the foundation is just being built, then a protrusion is specially left for the foam slabs. For the old foundation, gravel is added on which the slab will rest.

The joints and the part that is glued are completely lubricated with bitumen mastic. On sale you can find foam boards with an L-shaped lock. These are easier to glue together and the protection will be more airtight.

When the slabs are laid, they are once again covered with bitumen mastic and a protective partition is made. It's easier to install boards, but they will rot quickly, so use brick. A half-brick wall is made from it along the entire foundation. Among modern materials, geotextiles have performed well. It is simply rolled out along the foam and the protection is ready. But the price of geotextiles is high.

The entire structure is buried on the side with soil and a concrete blind area is made on top. Making such insulation is labor-intensive, but the bathhouse will be protected reliably.

Practical aspects of insulating a bathhouse from the outside with your own hands

By choosing to manufacture an external heat shield with a ventilated gap, you get a reliable, durable façade system. If you show maximum care and use only materials recommended for these types of work, then the exterior of your building will delight you for many years, and it will not require repairs.

So, let’s look at the practical aspects of how to insulate a bathhouse from the outside with your own hands. We believe that the internal vapor barrier layer has already been installed or will be installed at the stage of cladding the premises.

Walls

Walls made of brick or other block building materials are inspected for cracks or voids in the seams, which should be additionally strengthened with mortar (rubbed, embroidered). It’s even better if the sides of the rooms are completely covered with a layer of vapor-proof plaster.

According to classical technology, insulation of walls in a bathhouse, the frame of which is made of logs or timber, begins with caulking with tow, flax strands, jute or other natural materials. It is best to perform the operation after the complete shrinkage of the structure, which depends on the timing of the initial moisture content of the wood (can last for several years). Otherwise, cracks will still appear, and eliminating them under the inner and outer cladding will be problematic.

There is also a more modern method of sealing crown and other cracks using sealants. For bathhouse walls made of wood with normal humidity, it can be used almost immediately after their construction, but “raw” log houses should still be allowed to stand for at least six months. Usually they wait out the winter, and closer to summer they begin to process the seams.

Interesting: Antiseptic for baths. What is it and what is it for?

This type of sealing, unlike the classical one, guarantees stable functionality regardless of the occurrence of multidirectional deformations of the wood. Synthetic sealants have good adhesion to the substrate and work for both compression and elongation up to 300%. Before using them, the seams of the bathhouse walls from the outside are primed and sealed with a cord made of extruded polyethylene foam. The method of laying the sealant depends on its packaging. The most convenient way is tape - the protective film is removed from it, it is placed in the seam and rolled with a roller. If you purchased the composition in tubes for a mounting gun or buckets, then after application it still needs to be smoothed with a spatula.

Energy saving screen frame

Insulating baths on the outer surface of the walls using mineral wool or ecowool requires the installation of a frame support. Initially, it will serve to securely attach a layer of effective thermal insulation to the enclosing structures, and then to fix the wind barrier and install the façade cladding. The frame can consist of one or two tiers. The second type, with a cross-layer arrangement, provides the best thermal protection characteristics.

Thermal insulating layer

The principles for choosing the type of thermal insulation have already been discussed above, in the section “Selecting materials”. If you give preference to ecowool, then, although it is an effective material, you will have to involve third-party specialists who have the appropriate equipment for applying it under pressure. The existing alternative method of free backfilling of ecowool is not the most successful solution for walls, since its column becomes compacted and subsides over time, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the thermal contour of the building. Therefore, it is easier to organize the insulation of a bathhouse with your own hands using mineral wool products made from glass or stone fiber.

Attention! When purchasing such products, you should carefully familiarize yourself with the scope of their application. For example, it may be intended to solve problems of acoustics or fire protection, while its thermal resistance will be inferior to the corresponding profile materials.

Manufacturers of mineral thermal insulating wool produce it in both standard or universal versions, as well as specialized products for assembling ventilated facades. Narrow-profile products can have useful advantages:

• tongue-and-groove locks along the perimeter of the slabs, simplifying the insulation of bathhouse walls, and also eliminating air circulation at the joints, even with a single-layer placement;
• fiberglass coating, which reduces the movement of convective flows through the insulating layer;
• additional hydrophobic impregnation, due to which the droplet liquid is not held between the fibers, but flows down freely.

Universal or specialized mineral wool used for facade systems of utility buildings must have a density of at least 35-40 kg/m3. With a decrease in this parameter, heat transfer in all its forms increases: convection, thermal conductivity and radiation. The maximum density, for reasons of profitability, is usually chosen no higher than 80 kg/m3, since heavier and more expensive products are already used in industry.

Fixation of insulation boards on the walls of the bathhouse is carried out due to their tight fit in the frame of the sheathing and point compression with disc-shaped dowels.

Wind protection and ventilation gap

The windproof fabric is secured to the vertical elements of the supporting frame using spacer slats for a ventilated gap. In this case, preference should be given to special vapor-permeable wind-moisture-proof membranes, which are rolled directly over the layer of insulation for the bath.

Important! For such installation, the use of roofing felt, PE films and other sealed materials is not allowed. The vapor permeability of the wind barrier should be at least 700-800 g*/m2 per day.

The joints of the strips are glued with tape intended for such work. The average overlap of adjacent panels is 15 cm, and the width of the ventilation gap between them and the cladding ranges from 2 cm to 5 cm (the parameters are set by the manufacturer).

Facade cladding

One of the main advantages of ventilated facades is that, regardless of the type of building frame and its condition, you can sheathe the outside of the bathhouse with one of the materials available on the construction market in a wide range. This can be vinyl or metal siding, lining, block house, fiber cement board, or other hanging cladding. This type of finishing is installed according to similar schemes, the main uniqueness of which is dictated by the dimension of the spacer sheathing step. For example, for vinyl siding it is about 40 cm.

External insulation of a bathhouse using a ventilated facade system allows not only to solve energy saving issues for new buildings, it can radically change the aesthetic characteristics of even a dilapidated building, practically providing it with a new life.

Facade cladding

Its functions are protective and decorative. It protects all internal layers from natural factors (UV radiation, precipitation, wind), as well as artificial mechanical influences.

It is worth adding that Figure 5 shows how to insulate a wooden bathhouse using ventilated facade technology. For walls made of brick or aerated concrete blocks, the scheme will be similar. In addition, the energy-saving system based on wet facade technology is in no way inferior in its thermophysical properties (Fig. 6). In this case, the functions of wind, hydro, mechanical protection and decorative coating are assigned to special vapor-permeable plasters. Nevertheless, for bathhouses built from wood materials, which are the majority in Russia, a ventilated coating is still preferable.

Sources

• https://2proraba.com/banya/kak-uteplit-banyu-snaruzhi-svoimi-rukami.html
• https://banyaspec.com/otdelka/kak-sdelat-uteplenie-parnoy-pravilno-i-kakie-materialy-ispolzovat.html
• https://stroymasterok.com/banya/naruzhnoe-uteplenie-bani-texnologii-vybor-materiala/
• https://gipsohouse.ru/bazaltovyj-vata/18367-za-chto-vybirayut-i-kak-primenyayut-bazaltovuyu-vatu-dlya-utepleniya-bani.html
• https://mr-build.ru/newteplo/uteplenie-bani-snaruzi.html
• https://m-strana.ru/articles/kak-uteplit-parilku-v-bane-iznutri/
• https://banya-expert.com/uteplenie/uteplenie-sten-bani-iznutri-i-snaruzhi.html
• https://2proraba.com/banya/uteplenie-parilki-iznutri.html

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Tips and tricks

1. First of all, do not forget that heated air masses can exit the bathhouse through the windows. And for this reason, you should give preference to small windows. What is also important, experts recommend, if possible, installing frames with more than one double-glazed window. And it is best to have 2 or 3 double-glazed windows (the more, the better, because this will prevent the rapid evaporation of warm air from the bathhouse).

   Small window in the bathhouse - photo

2. Doors and thresholds have an important influence on the thermal insulation in your bathhouse. Quite often, specialists are contacted with the problem of rapid evaporation of air from the bathhouse. And the reason for this in 90% is the gap between the threshold and the door, due to which all the heat evaporates. To be sure that you will not encounter a similar problem, it is best to install low doors with a high threshold.

   It is recommended to install small doors with a high threshold

3. Due attention should be paid to the heater. After all, the intensity of heating the bath and how long the warm air will be retained in it will directly depend on the heat capacity of the stones.

   Stove-heater

How to choose insulation

What is the best way to insulate a bathhouse? For this, natural or synthetic materials are used.

Natural insulation:

• cuckoo flax;
• red moss;
• flax tow;
• hemp hemp
• sphagnum.

These materials do not require serious material costs, are highly environmentally friendly and will help create a special atmosphere in the bathhouse, filling the interior space with natural aromas.

The main disadvantages of organic materials that need to be taken into account when choosing which insulation is best to insulate a bathhouse:

• fragility of the material;
• significant labor costs;
• the need to constantly update the insulation.

It is necessary to provide protection from small rodents, birds and insects.

Many homeowners believe that it is better to insulate a bathhouse with synthetic materials that do not rot and are not damaged by rodents.

Jute felt

What is the best way to insulate a bathhouse from the outside or the inside? Jute felt can be used as inter-crown insulation for a bath. This is an organic natural material made from plant fiber. Flax-jute felt is used not only for thermal insulation, but also to remove excess moisture from the interior of the bathhouse

To improve performance qualities, flax fiber is added to jute fibers. The result is flax wool or flax jute felt. The form of material release is tape reels. This allows you to select insulation for logs of different diameters.

Myths about the purposes and results of external insulation

You can often find the following statements in informational texts and forums:

• “A brick bathhouse must be insulated from the outside. Otherwise, heating it to the required temperature will be problematic.” Note: the speed of heating a steam room depends to a much greater extent on the proper arrangement of internal insulation.
• “For polystyrene foam, it is best to use the “wet facade” finishing system so that the wall “breathes.” Note: EPS boards have practically zero vapor permeability, which cannot be increased by any coatings.
• “You can buy foam glass granulate relatively cheaply and use it as a filler for heat-saving cladding blocks.” Note: such granulate, both in the form of backfill and as the basis for the formation of cellular concrete, is an order of magnitude inferior to the heat-shielding properties of block foam glass. In fact, it is no better than expanded clay.

Thermal protection method

You can insulate the foundation in two ways - before and after laying. The first method is used before pouring cement. Insulation materials are laid on the outside of the foundation wall above the ground and underground (if there is a tunnel). The insulation of the underground part of the foundation block in contact with the ground is additionally covered with a protective layer. If the foundation block is shallow, its base is also subject to thermal insulation.

After casting the cement mortar, in addition to finishing the interior with heat-insulating material, a blind area is laid - the outer layer that holds the base. Before filling the blind area, a heat-retaining layer is laid under it.

Often builders use formwork instead of an insulating layer. The structure is mounted not from wood, but from polystyrene foam. Therefore, it does not need to be removed after the concrete solution has dried. It is a good thermal insulation material and does not deteriorate under the influence of environmental factors. Wooden boards, unfortunately, are susceptible to rotting.

The second method is used after the construction of the building. In essence, it is equivalent to insulating the height of the base. The base, as with internal insulation, is protected with a blind area. This method is simpler, more economical, but less effective, since it is applied only to the front side of the foundation.

Characteristics of eco-friendly building materials for the bath complex

Tow is a cheap and widespread thermal insulation building material for thermal insulation of bathhouses.
This building material is made in the form of a tape, which is rolled into a roll. The use of rolled material greatly simplifies operations for insulating bath rooms, which saves a huge amount of time. The main disadvantage of this building material is its fragility, as a result of which periodic replacement of building materials and repair of seams and joints between beams is required. A more modern version of the material is tarred tow. This building material is resistant to adverse environmental influences.

Ecowool is an environmentally friendly insulating building material. The thermal insulator is ideal for creating a heat-insulating layer for bathhouse walls, as it has a high degree of resistance to high humidity. The use of this material allows you to stabilize the humidity level in the bathhouse, thereby creating a special microclimate in the steam room. The insulation is capable of very quickly passing excess moisture through itself, and in case of its deficiency, this material is capable of releasing moisture back into the atmosphere of the steam room. This property allows you to regulate the humidity level in the bath room.

Jute is a mixture of flax fibers and jute. This building material is called flax wool. The main advantage of this building material is its high density. Thanks to this property, the thermal insulating building material can easily be installed in inter-crown joints.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=Y1B3toWKgBE

Jute is subject to any type of processing and is resistant to biopests. This building material is not subject to rotting processes. This building material is also not exposed to elevated temperatures. Today this is one of the popular ones used for installing insulation in a bathhouse.

The next environmentally friendly material used to create thermal insulation in a bathhouse is moss. This building material has high thermal insulation properties, but this material has a significant drawback - it is difficult to work with.

To insulate a small room using this material, you will have to spend at least 3-4 days. When using other materials, it will take 1-2 days to insulate the bath.

The disadvantage of this building material is also that it is susceptible to being eaten by various insects.

For this reason, when using moss, special attention is required to the insulation and its additional treatment with special compounds that prevent the appearance of insects in it

The main advantage of insulating building materials is its absolute environmental safety and naturalness.

Wood finish

When the owners begin to decide what to cover the outside of the bathhouse with, they first of all think about wooden finishing options. Lining and block house are excellent examples of this, which can be found on every suburban area. Baths lined with these materials always look stylish and modern, and easily fit into any design.

Bathhouse finishing with wood

To work with wooden lining, block house and imitation timber, you should prepare the necessary tools:

• Wood saw or jigsaw;
• Electric drill or screwdriver;
• Hammer;
• Building level;
• Tape measure and pencil.

This set will be quite enough for working on the bathhouse lining yourself. But if you don’t have much experience, and the design of the building involves a lot of skillfully cut and installed elements, then it is best to use the services of specialists.

In order for the bathhouse to last for a long time, it should be treated with fire-retardant liquids before covering it. It must be taken into account that the substances used should not release toxins and paint is not suitable for this purpose. Otherwise, the owners risk getting poisoned when the bathhouse begins to function at full capacity.

A sauna built from wood. The sauna log house should begin to be sheathed with the installation of the frame. To do this, wooden slats are attached, which are checked by the building level. The frame for the cladding must strictly adhere to all verticals and have no deviations, otherwise the corners of the bathhouse will turn out crooked. First, the outer guides are installed and only then can the central space be filled. Construction of a bathhouse in a log house

The slats are secured with self-tapping screws or nails. The latter material is much more convenient to use, since if necessary, it will be easier and faster to correct the work. And the frame itself is assembled in a short time. Each slats should be treated with a bioprotective liquid so that they are not attacked by fungi. If there is free space under the rail, then an insert or wedge should be placed at the fastening points. This will avoid sagging on the walls of the bathhouse.

As soon as the frame for the cladding is installed, you should proceed to attaching the lining or block house for the bathhouse. The first board must be placed strictly in a horizontal direction, unless the overall design suggests another option. For convenience, you can draw a line along which to install the first element. The lower edge of the lining is fixed with nails or screws directly through the material. But then the fastening is done using a hidden method, hiding in the grooves of wooden elements.

Each new board is tightly inserted into the previous one, and its position is checked with a building level. Thus, the log house of the bathhouse will be completely sheathed and all that remains is to paint it in the chosen color. For this purpose, polyurethane varnishes and alkyd paints are used for a transparent finish. The bathhouse will look much more attractive if the lining retains its natural texture. Therefore, most often the paint does not cover the material, but simply gives it the desired shade.

Requirements for a log house

The quality of thermal insulation of a bathhouse also depends on the log wood and the degree of its preparation for use. For making a bathhouse from timber, the best tree species growing in our country are: cedar and oak. But, due to the high cost of these materials, the beams are most often made from spruce, less often from linden or aspen. Birch, as a material for making timber, due to some of its properties, is not suitable.

Here's what you need to know about wood:

• the best wood is “winter”, which is harvested from December to March;
• you can start making beams only a month after the tree has been cut down;
• The timber must be stored by laying it out with an air gap of 5 cm on pads 20 cm thick under an open canopy;
• deep cracks in wood are not allowed;
• The presence of even the slightest traces of wood damage by wood pests or signs of rotting on the beams is not allowed;
• the wood should not contain resin pockets.

It is not recommended to order a ready-made log house, since some links may become warped due to storage problems. It is preferable to purchase separate bars of the required length.