A smooth, level base for the finishing coating is a prerequisite for installing floors. This is the only way to ensure its reliability and durability. In the minds of many apartment owners, construction work of this type is necessarily accompanied by destruction, dust, dirt and other consequences of work associated with pouring cement-sand screed. If we add a long wait of three to four weeks, the picture emerges not at all rosy. Is there a way out?
It may be a revelation for some, but quite often such a picture can be avoided. The solution to all these problems is dry floor screed. What is it, how to do it, what are its pros and cons - this is an approximate range of issues that we have to deal with.
Dry or wet floor screed
Several methods can be used to form a smooth surface. Classic pouring of concrete mixture is labor-intensive and takes a long time for final drying. An alternative is dry floor screed. What it is and what features the coating has should be analyzed before choosing a construction method.
The peculiarity of this method is the formation of a flat base surface using several types of materials. For this purpose, a special bedding is used, which must have certain properties. First of all, these are good thermal insulation performance. It is also not allowed to change qualities under the influence of external factors. For these purposes, you can use expanded clay, or ready-made compositions from manufacturers. After final leveling of the surface, gypsum fiber sheets with locking fasteners are installed.
Before making a dry floor screed, you should consider the relevance of its use. In this case, certain restrictions should be taken into account:
- Operational qualities of the premises. The formed leveling layer should not be exposed to moisture. When it gets into the building mixture, a change in properties occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to additionally install a waterproofing layer. Materials for dry screed are not designed for use in “wet” rooms - bathrooms, kitchens.
- Square. If the size of the room is large enough (50 m² or more), installation of the screed will be difficult due to the mandatory division of the area into sectors.
- Degree of load. Despite the fact that the floor screed mixture will not experience mechanical stress, it will affect the gypsum fiber slabs.
- Compatible with heated floors. The backfill itself has good thermal insulation properties. Therefore, heating elements cannot be installed in it. Dry floor screed for heated floors can only be compatible with film heating.
These are not the only conditions for using this surface leveling method.
You must first read the recommendations from the manufacturer and determine the optimal operating rules. Advice
The use of technology for rooms with a slope is unacceptable. This will lead to the formation of voids and a decrease in the thermal insulation value in a certain part of the room.
The main difference between the dry method and the use of cement-sand or dry construction mixtures for floor screed is the use of liquids. True, dry-type materials do not provide particularly high density, but these indicators are sufficient for their installation in any living space.
Conclusion
In some situations, the only correct solution was and remains a conventional screed using the wet method as it best meets the conditions of use. And nothing can be done about the phlegm, dirt and other associated inconveniences. In places where increased loads and dancing for days on end are not envisaged, dry screed and its variations can be a worthy alternative.
Dry screed is one of the suitable types of base for an infrared film floor, which is described in the article “Infrared heated floor - from theory to practice.” To prevent the heat retained by the floor from escaping through the windows, read the article about do-it-yourself wooden Euro-windows. In a video about working with floors and walls, a specialist will demonstrate a light screed device.
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Advantages and disadvantages
Arrangement of the method described above should begin with an analysis of its pros and cons. They depend on the type of materials used and the characteristics of the room. In this case, the required performance qualities of the coating are taken into account.
One of the disadvantages is the relatively low mechanical strength of the formed layers. Their structure is similar to wooden models, with the exception of the space filler between the joists.
What else makes this technology different?
- Low material consumption. It differs significantly from the concrete pouring method.
- Low weight reduces the load on interfloor floors. All dry construction mixtures for this work have a low specific gravity. Therefore, a layer thickness of 20-30 cm will not affect the overall characteristics of the building.
- With some skills, a dry screed can be laid in just a couple of days. After the final installation of the sheets, the floor may be subject to stress. When pouring a concrete surface, this will require waiting from 7 to 20 days.
- There are no wet processes, so dirt does not spread throughout the living spaces. It's not just dirt. There is also no cement dust, a rather strong allergen.
- Labor intensity, including work such as loading and unloading, lifting materials and equipment to the floor , is several times less.
- The technology of dry floor screed does not involve the use of concrete mixers, special containers or other special equipment. The exception is premises with a large area, where speed of work is important. In this case, you need equipment with which you can quickly form an even leveling layer.
- Internal communications can be laid through the bulk layer of the system.
- One of the priorities is for heated floors. Due to its high thermal insulation characteristics, it significantly increases the energy efficiency of the system. The ideal option is an IR film, which is placed directly under the final coating; the presence of a layer of thermally reflective material is mandatory.
- It simultaneously performs the function of additional thermal and sound insulation.
- Installation is quite simple. Also suitable for a wooden base, if it is, of course, durable.
- Provides layer stability to distributed and point loads - up to 1 t/m2 and 360 kg, respectively.
- The finishing coating can be installed as soon as the screed is completed. Almost any material is chosen for it.
The advantages of this technology also include:
- possibility of carrying out work at any time of the year;
- use in old buildings, since the loads are minimal;
- If necessary, work can be performed alone without assistants;
- more economical method: the cost of installation work and the price of equipment is lower.
It also has disadvantages, although they are few. The main thing, perhaps, is increased sensitivity to moisture, which is why it is completely unsuitable for installation in rooms with a high percentage of moisture, for example, a bathroom, and where water leakage is theoretically possible. It is also not recommended to carry out installation work in wet weather.
Advice
If you nevertheless decide to use this option in the bathroom, then pay special attention to the waterproofing device. It is necessary to lay a waterproofing tape along the joints of the walls and the base and take care of a special waterproofing layer covering the floor surface.
Now you know the difference between dry floor screed. The pros and cons of the technology make it relevant for furnishing residential premises. This applies most of all to places where there is a need to reduce the load on the floor as much as possible.
Installation secrets
Some craftsmen do without beacons and levels. However, only extensive installation experience will allow you to use your eye. Beginners should pay special attention to markings. GVP slabs are laid on the aggregate and only after that the remains of the edge strip along the entire length are cut off. If the edge tape is not self-adhesive, then use double-sided tape. The rule can be replaced by any flat strip or part of the profile. Before the final adjustment, compact it using improvised means.
Water is dangerous for expanded clay, so liquid correctors are excluded during installation. To adjust the height, use construction putty. However, it must dry well and harden. Any finishing coating is laid on GVP sheets: laminate, parquet, linoleum, porcelain stoneware. The decorative plinth should only be glued to the wall, and the bottom strip of the plinth should not be coated with glue. You can use the new floor immediately, without waiting for shrinkage and without limiting the load capacity.
Prefabricated dry screed made of OSB boards
First you need to define the terminology. The term OSB gets its name from the abbreviation – oriented strand board. This means that large-sized chips are used for production, arranged in a special pattern relative to each other.
During the manufacturing process, large chips are placed along the edges of the structure, and smaller components are placed inside. To increase mechanical strength, the outer layers have a longitudinal orientation of wood fibers, and the inner layers have a transverse orientation. Subsequently, slabs with a dense and uniform structure are formed by hot pressing.
Technical characteristics: thickness, weight
Before choosing a flooring material made from OSB boards, you should familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics. They directly depend on the specific model and its performance characteristics. In most cases, the manufacturer indicates these parameters on the packaging. However, difficulties may arise during individual purchases.
The most important parameter is the water resistance indicator. It determines the possibility of installing the coating in a specific room - bedroom, kitchen or bathroom. Depending on the degree of processing, this value can range from 12% to 25%. For flooring, it is recommended to use slabs whose thickness swelling parameter does not exceed 15%.
When creating a rough surface on which mechanical forces will not be applied, you can use a material with an elastic modulus of 1100 N/mm². If you plan to install slabs as the main covering, it is recommended to choose a value of this indicator from 1600 N/mm² and higher.
Due to its design, this material has the highest specific gravity. But to analyze the total mass of the future coating, it is necessary to know the optimal thickness of the OSB board for the floor. For a rough surface it can be equal to 6-9 mm. When arranging the main covering, models with a thickness of 16 to 25 mm should be installed, depending on the load on the floor.
| Thickness, mm | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 22 |
| Average weight, kg | 12,9 | 16,5 | 18,6 | 20,2 | 23,8 | 30 | 34,6 | 42,9 |
To optimize cutting, manufacturers have provided several standard sheet sizes: 1220×2440, 1220×3660, 1250×6000, 1250×2500, 1250×3700. Since polyurethane resins are used for gluing the layers, they have increased fire safety and do not emit harmful components when the temperature rises. The last fact is very important for use in residential premises.
QSB boards have similar qualities. The difference lies in the manufacturing technology - waste from furniture production is used for this. The chips are smaller in size and therefore have better performance characteristics.
Laying technology
One of the key advantages of OSB is its relatively simple installation. To fulfill it, there are requirements for the quality of the rough surface. An important point is the correct choice of a specific model of flooring material.
Before leveling the floor with OSB slabs, it is necessary to draw up the actual characteristics of the room. The following factors will influence the installation technology:
- The starting material for making floors is wood or concrete screed;
- Temperature and humidity parameters in the room;
- Total coverage area;
- Maximum surface load value.
A laying scheme is drawn up in advance. One of the determining conditions is to minimize the number of joints. That is why large sheets are most often used. In general, the installation technology allows you to complete all the work without the involvement of specialists. But before that, you should familiarize yourself with the general installation recommendations.
Installation on concrete floor
Before installation, it is necessary to treat the cement surface. After a long period of use, cracks and chips will inevitably form on it. They must be thoroughly puttied. If the level difference exceeds 7 mm per 1 m.p. – install adjusting logs.
In practice, this is only required as a last resort. Most often, installation is carried out on a prepared base. To reduce the influence of moisture, install a layer of waterproofing. This can be film material or mastic.
Then you need to follow these steps:
- Cutting according to the previously drawn up diagram.
- Cleaning the floor from dust and dirt.
- Installation of material, adjustment of its joints.
- You can use glue for fastening. It is important that it does not negatively affect wood and concrete.
- The joints must be tightly fitted to each other. It is recommended to use models with side mounting elements.
- To compensate for thermal expansion, it is necessary to leave a gap of 5-7 mm between the base and the wall.
It is important to make sure the deck is facing the right way during installation. Most slabs have a front and back side that are designed for specific operating conditions.
On a note
For better fastening, you can fix the canvas with dowels. If you plan to install decorative material on top of OSB, the fastening heads must be recessed into the subfloor.
On a wooden floor
Before laying OSB boards on a wooden floor, you should check the condition of the joists. They must not be damaged, the surface and structure cannot contain fungus and mold.
Often, for the arrangement it is necessary to first install a layer of insulation. Cheap OSB with a thickness of no more than 8 mm can be used as a rough base. It must be remembered that during operation it may be exposed to moisture. Therefore, it is necessary to choose moisture-resistant models.
After this, a layer of waterproofing is installed. It should cover the entire surface of the floor and pass under the joists. If it is impossible to dismantle the logs, treatment can be carried out with liquid mastics. After this, you can install a layer of thermal insulation.
Rules for arranging a wooden floor.
- To increase mechanical strength, it is recommended to install two layers of OSB. The first is located across the joists, and the second along them.
- The plates are fastened using side screws. It is important that the joints are not at the same level.
- After installing OSB boards on the floor, the level is checked. If necessary, you can perform partial dismantling and install adjusting pads on top of the joists.
- A thermal gap is required.
To form the top layer, it is necessary to use models with a thickness of 16 mm or more. If you plan to install one layer, the distance between the logs should be no more than 30 cm. Otherwise, there is a high probability of damage to the material.
When laying ceramic tiles on top of OSB, you should use a special adhesive that will not damage the wooden base. It must be remembered that a high-quality OSB floor board should not have unevenness or obvious defects.
Properties and characteristics of GVL
First you need to consider the properties of this material, its structure and composition. Externally, it is similar to standard plasterboard boards. But that's where the identity ends.
For production, a mixture is used, which includes gypsum and cellulose fibers. Their ratio is usually 80/20. Fibers are needed to improve mechanical strength, a similar example is acrylic.
As a result of pressing and adding special fastening compounds, gypsum fiber sheets for flooring are obtained with the following properties:
- Density indicator – 1200 kg/m³. This makes it possible to use fastening materials (screws and nails) without damaging the surface;
- High degree of sound insulation. The thicker the Knauf GVL sheets, the higher this figure. For some models it is 35-40 dB;
- Fire safety. The material can be used in rooms with increased fire safety requirements;
- Low thermal conductivity. It is an additional property that does not negate the use of insulation;
- Flexibility. Usually it is 5.5 MPa, which is one of the best indicators for such materials.
For installation on a rough surface, it is recommended to use moisture-resistant models. They are less susceptible to moisture that can accumulate in the cellulose fibers. Therefore, if the question is, gypsum fiber board or plywood for the floor, it is better to do everything by laying the first one.
To obtain a high-quality floor surface, it is necessary to purchase models from well-known manufacturers. One of them is the Knauff company.
On a note
Despite the fact that the price per meter of GVL is relatively high, it will recoup its cost due to its quality and long service life.
Price
An important criterion is the cost of consumables. The average cost of a dry floor is calculated per 1 sq.m - from 400 to 1200 rubles. In any case, it will be cheaper than alternative options.
To reduce the price, you can replace special Knauf boards with OSB boards, the thickness of which is 12 mm.
Low cost is an important argument for choosing dry screed.
Having examined the features of dry floor screed, we can conclude that it is economically justified for rooms with a low probability of flooding or emergency situations. It is not recommended for use in the bathroom and kitchen, even when using a moisture-resistant coating.
Recommendations for selection
Despite all its positive qualities, in practice you may encounter some difficulties when choosing the optimal coating model. To avoid possible complications during the installation process, you must familiarize yourself with the recommendations of specialists.
Since the GVL slab will be attached to the floor, heat loss through the joints should be avoided. To do this, choose a model with a mounting groove. With its help, you can avoid laying two layers of material, as is necessary when installing plywood or OSB.
Another important indicator is the flooring material. To ensure sufficient rigidity, the base must be uniform. In this case, the load will be evenly distributed. Therefore, you can choose models up to 0.5 cm thick. But it all depends on the degree of maximum mechanical pressure on the material.
When choosing, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:
- The condition of the edges is smooth, without defects;
- Package. If the sheets are stored indoors, they may not be packaged. But during long-term storage, condensation may accumulate inside;
- Cost and sizes.
The last factor directly affects the cost. Currently, manufacturers make products with a width of 500, 1000 and 1200 mm. The thickness can be 10, 12.5, 15, 18 and 20 mm. The length varies from 500 to 3000 mm. Standard gypsum fiber sheets have an affordable price, which is determined by their dimensions.
On a note
The average price for a sheet of size 1200*2500*10 from the manufacturer Knauff is 1625 rubles.
Prefabricated system in section
Essentially, this is a system of materials that are laid out on a leveled base in a specific sequence in the form of a “pie”:
- a layer of waterproofing (film or membrane) laid on the floor slabs or surface to be repaired;
- damper tape, which is used to create the required compensation gap;
- a leveling layer, usually made of expanded clay, slag or other backfill material;
Advice
If the base is sufficiently flat, at this stage thermal insulating boards made of EPP (extruded polystyrene foam) or high-density mineral wool are laid. Thus, on the one hand, the level is finally leveled horizontally, and on the other, the necessary sound and thermal insulation is ensured.
- sheet material as a base for the finishing floor covering, which absorbs the load and distributes it to the backfill layer located underneath. This can be moisture-resistant plywood, OSB, chipboard, etc. Recently, ready-to-install elements made of moisture-resistant gypsum fiber (GVLV) have been predominantly used.
On a note
The optimal thickness of the pie is considered to be 35–45 mm, with 20 of them being the sheet layer.
With a smaller system height, it is impossible to provide the required degree of strength and stability; with a higher height, the installation technology has certain nuances.
Repair of floors based on Knauf dry screed
Knauf dry floor screed is essentially special sheet panels laid on bulk material laid out in a thin layer. The soft, fine backfill, pressed by these sheets, is transformed into a hard and durable base that is able to withstand fairly large loads.
Expanded clay sand used in Knauf technology is fine-grained. According to the standard, the size of its granules should not exceed four millimeters. The backfill is leveled “along the beacons” using the rule.
On a note
The backfill over large areas is leveled using a special machine.
Knauf gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are made of gypsum and cellulose, the fibers of which perform a reinforcing function. They are characterized by high strength and fire resistance. The sheets are environmentally friendly and chemically passive. Unlike drywall, they do not have a paper backing.
The structural elements of the Knauf superfloor are panels that are glued together from two gypsum fiber sheets. They are slightly offset from one another, due to which folds of approximately 5 cm are formed along the perimeter of the element. It is due to them that the elements are held together during installation. Standard panel sizes in mm are 1200 by 600 by 10.
Video description
From the video you can learn about the consequences of installing stationary beacons for leveling the backfill:
Screed device
If backfill is not used, then extruded polystyrene slabs can be laid under the outer sheets of the “dry” floor. This will level the base with differences of up to 5 mm. Knauf floor insulation is also being implemented and additional sound insulation is installed.
It is also practiced to lay stone wool instead of penoplex. This can be explained by the relative rigidity of the slabs and the high thermal insulation properties of the material. However, this approach is not relevant for tiles or porcelain tiles, since the seams will soon begin to crack. A solution could be a two-layer laying of rigid sheets of GVLV or wood analogues.
“Dry” screed device with thermal insulation without backfill Source yandex.net
Instructions for the device
- The surface on which the system will be laid is thoroughly cleaned of debris. It is also necessary to remove the protruding ends of all metal elements, say, wire, reinforcement, etc. Do the same with those on the surface of the concrete. If the metal is cut off, then the concrete is knocked down with a chisel.
- A vapor barrier film is spread on the cleaned base with a minimum overlap of 20 cm. Along the edges it is placed on the walls so that the edge passes above the line of the future floor.
- Next, a damper tape is laid vertically along the perimeter of the room, which will subsequently compensate for the thermal deformation of the Knauf panels. Due to the presence of a compensation gap, it is possible to prevent swelling of the floor surface during temperature fluctuations.
- Metal profiles are used as beacons. So, along the line of their intended location, a little expanded clay is poured in a slide and the beacons are laid, pressing them in and adjusting them to the set level. If repairs are carried out in one room, then the level of the future finishing coating is set in accordance with the floor level in other rooms.
- An expanded clay layer is poured into the space formed between them and leveled with the rule.
On a note
The undoubted advantage of the Knauf technology is that it allows you to fill in expanded clay sand and lay the panels in parts, and not all over the room at once.
- Next, the beacons are removed and expanded clay is poured into the remaining cavities. It is recommended to lay a few more free ones at the corner where the gypsum fiber sheets will begin to be laid. It will be possible to move freely along this improvised path, keeping the rest of the backfill intact.
- On panels that are adjacent to walls or other vertical surfaces, folds are cut off. The initial row is laid out along the wall located opposite the front door and gradually moved towards it. The folds of each previous row are lubricated with adhesive or mastic.
- Each subsequent row is laid with an offset of up to 25 cm in relation to the previous one, and the possibility of the formation of cross-shaped joints must be completely eliminated. The glued joints are additionally secured with screws. They are fastened in increments of no more than 30 cm.
- Complete the laying of the screed by filling the joints with gypsum putty from the same manufacturer.
- Before laying the finishing coat, Knauf superfloor is coated with a deep penetration primer.
Advice
The strength of the coating can be significantly increased if the second layer of Knauf panels is laid in a direction perpendicular to the panels of the first layer.
Material calculation
To calculate the volume of consumables, you will need the following data:
- room area;
- backfill layer thickness;
- type of materials.
If the room has a complex shape, then you can divide the surface into sections and calculate their area separately, and then add them up. The waterproofing film is calculated taking into account an overlap of 15 cm, a bend on each wall - 10 cm. As a rule, the length of the film sleeve is 1.5 m, and when cut - 3 m. It is important to understand how the waterproofing will be laid - across or along. Only after understanding all the features can you calculate the consumption.
For example, a room has an area of 20 sq.m. It is planned to fill in 15 cm of expanded clay. The required volume of filler is 20*0.15 = 1 cubic meter. For backfilling, we take the popular “Knauf Kompevit”, packaged in 50 liters and weighing 30 kg.
1 cu. a meter is 1000 liters. Thus, 20 bags will be required for repairs. It is recommended to have a small reserve, since the practical consumption is greater than calculated due to the error.
The area of one Knauf GVL is 0.75 sq.m. For a room of 20 sq. meters you will need 15 sheets.
