Foundation formwork: how to make and install + ways to save

Foundation formwork is used in construction when it is necessary to prepare a form for a foundation. The topic discusses the purpose of formwork and types of structures. There are certain varieties, recommendations for calculations and materials for manufacturing.

Purpose of formwork

Users are interested in a do-it-yourself frame, which is used as an auxiliary structure for the base. Builders simply make a mold and then pour the solution into it. It is important to understand how to make the formwork, since it must be of a given shape. The spatial position and design calculations are taken into account.

Important! Experts talk about the need for a project for a formative basis.

Main types

If you are interested in how to make foundation formwork with your own hands, it is worth considering its main types:

- removable;

- non-removable.

Thus, the foundation formwork can be removable or permanent. To make the right choice, it is advisable to consider both options.

Removable frame

The installation of removable formwork looks as simple as possible. This is a collapsible system that includes two supports. Removable formwork for the foundation is characterized by high strength and stability. Plus, builders claim that it is economically justified.

Looking ahead, users ask how to install formwork. Here it is worth starting from the original width and depth of the base.

Fixed design

If you are interested in how to make formwork, it is important to consider a permanent option. This is a temporary type that is not suitable for everyone. This formwork for the foundation is not highly durable, but has a number of advantages:

— suitable for creating strip foundations;

- suitable for columnar type.

The formwork fastening includes two or three supports. For a slab foundation, it is better to look at another option.

About collapsible formwork

The correct formwork for the foundation has different variations. The following materials are acceptable for construction:

- boards;

— chipboard;

- metal;

- polymer plates.

That is, the formwork for the foundation can consist exclusively of boards. The second option is more practical because plywood is used. Modern construction technologies are increasingly reminiscent of metal. When the formwork is being made, polymer boards also do not lie aside.

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Board construction

While it is not clear how to assemble the formwork, the designs may be different. Experts make full use of pine lumber. When considering opalization, the following parameters matter:

— trench height;

— distance between supports;

— number of shields.

The formwork foundation may include lumber from deciduous trees. The most interesting thing is that the thickness of the board is no more than 4 cm.

Using chipboard on the frame

It becomes clear how to assemble the formwork for the foundation, but chipboard for this is extremely rarely considered. In fact, this is due to low strength characteristics. Builders understand how to make formwork for the foundation, but processing chipboard does not look easy.

In private housing construction, with this option there will definitely be difficulties with moisture resistance.

Work plan:

— marking the work area;

— formation of the frame;

— internal work;

— strengthening the structure;

- checking supports.

At the first stage, the main points are marked. To do this, it is important to place flags on the work area. Experienced experts understand that homemade beacons can be used. First they are installed along the edges. The distance from the edge can be 0.3 meters or more. The main rule is symmetry of the design.

At the second stage, it is recommended to proceed to the formation of the frame. People use solid fiberboard sheets. The beauty is that the panels can be installed one at a time. Builders make sure they are the same size.

Options:

— maximum length up to 2 meters;

— width from 0.2 meters.

It is important to check the chipboard level before starting work. If there is a deviation of more than 10 degrees, it is better to put such workpieces aside.

The chipboard will move even more when poured, so the deviation will be more than 20 degrees, which is critical for the base. Plus, a large amount of material is consumed. If you choose workpieces whose length is less than 2 meters, you can avoid defects. When making shields, it is worth making sure that the marks remain in place.

Connection options:

— staples;

— additional sheets of chipboard.

If you use staples, you can work quickly and without problems. Builders understand that staples are not the most reliable method. The main task is how to make the frame airtight. The following methods are used for this:

- additional sheets;

- film.

If additional sheets are considered, they incur additional costs. Plus, the integrity of the structure is compromised.

When builders choose film, they are guaranteed to get a good result. However, this method is more expensive than the first.

Metal formwork

You need to figure out how to set up a frame for the foundation, and for this you can consider metal structures. They are reliably protected from corrosion before use. Experts know that wooden formwork will not be as strong

To make formwork from sheets of paper, you need to prepare reinforcement in advance for strengthening. The designs are suitable for reusable use. Sheet panels can be folded and moved to another place.

Work plan:

— site marking;

— formation of sheets;

— strengthening shields;

— design verification;

— installation of supports.

When marking the site, you can use any weights. This could be reinforcement or stones. The most important thing is to show the edges of the frame. Metal sheets are installed in pairs. Builders start at the edge and work their way to the middle.

If a large recess is used, there should be no problems with alignment. People also face the problem when the trench is not made level.

In this case, you will have to redo the base, and only then continue work. The most interesting thing is that the sheets can be made immediately with ready-made fasteners:

- screws;

- rivets.

The most common option for shields are screws. Builders use bolts that are screwed into a welded bolt. The process may take a long time. It all depends on the length of the workpieces.

If we consider rivets, they make it possible to quickly complete the job. At the same time, there is a risk of premature opening.

Additional mounting options:

- lock;

- metal valves.

Locks are used on shields that are made of durable metal. Homemade products with a similar option are often found. To weld the lock from the edge, builders make an indent of no more than 4 mm. The most interesting thing is that such structures are considered reusable.

Expert advice:

— reliable fastening of the frame;

— fixation of the upper supports.

If you look at the pouring process, you can see that the main load is on the upper supports. Novice builders try to make the bottom stable, and fix the jumpers on top not rigidly.

Further, when pouring, deformation of the sheets occurs. They remain connected. The most interesting thing is that it is almost impossible to remove the locks after deformation.

When installing top fasteners, it is important to adhere to the following rules:

— width of supports from 0.1 meters;

— mounting angle 90 degrees.

Users select metal sheets with a thickness of 2 mm or more for jumpers. This is quite enough to withstand the load. According to physics, the pressure vector is directed to the side. That is, the support will be stretched to the side.

If you use lintels that are too thick, the builder will simply waste time and resources. The second point concerns the installation angle. Even if a thick workpiece is used, during stretching, it transfers the load to the shields.

When the support is at a slight angle, it begins to unfold when pouring. Eventually it will be right at 90 degrees. The problem is that there is little space in the design for it. As a result, the shields will begin to slowly but surely move apart.

Formwork made of polymer boards

When the conversation turns to how to make formwork correctly, builders talk about the advantages of polymer boards:

- locking connections;

- different types of structures;

— use of profile pipes for rigidity.

Indeed, this is not a bad material for formwork. At the same time, the structure requires timber supports. The assembly of the formwork takes place in several stages, when the required number of polymer slabs is prepared.

The material for the structure can be cut in blocks. Builders prefer to use small elements so that they can be adjusted. Small blocks are easier to handle and level.

Expert advice:

— use of professional tools;

— use of high-quality blocks.

If you handle the blocks manually, there may be chips. Poor quality blocks instantly split.

Types of bases

Monolithic reinforced concrete foundations are of the following types:

• Classic - in it the slab is placed on a bed of a mixture of sand and gravel; insulation is desirable, but not necessary. The thickness of the concrete coating is 20-50 cm, taking into account the weight of the building and the type of soil. The dimensions of the cushion are determined taking into account the total depth of the fertile soil layer (it is removed). The pit obtained after removing the top layer is filled two-thirds with gravel and sand.

This is what the classic type of monolith looks like Source ownhouse.pro

• USHP is a Swedish foundation slab with insulation; it comes with a built-in heated floor. The formwork is not removable - it consists of blocks of expanded polystyrene of an L-shaped design. This structure reduces the cost of heating rooms, since heat leaks will be minimal. Heated floor pipes need to be laid on top, reinforcement can be installed on them or under them, everything can be filled with concrete up to 10 cm. Communications are designed at the stage of preparation for the foundation, not earlier. When the foundation is ready, you can install heating and install utilities. This approach speeds up construction, but increases its cost.
• Russian - slab structures with stiffeners. To strengthen the foundation structures for the construction of heavy houses, ribs of different rigidities and massive dimensions were created. The arrangement of such structures is carried out under load-bearing wall ceilings. The degree of complexity of the work being carried out increases - it is necessary to make the stiffening ribs and the slabs separately. In this case, the bearing capacity of the foundation will reach its maximum; it will be possible to make the slab thinner up to 15 cm.

The choice of a monolithic slab device should be made taking into account the specifics of the project, the available budget, technical capabilities, and desired results.

Monolithic foundations are divided into classical, Russian, USHP Source misterbuilder.ru

Recommendations for design calculations

Beginners absolutely do not understand how to install formwork under the foundation, although experts give recommendations on calculations.

Main stages:

— marking;

- height;

— number of supports;

- width of the ties.

Formwork made from pallets can only hold up after marking. If nothing is known about the height of the trench, supports and ties will not help.

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Turnkey price

To evaluate the benefits of self-construction, the master should have an idea of ​​the average market cost of the service in Russia:

How to make formwork for a strip foundation step by step instructions

The main question is how to make formwork for a strip foundation. There is a simple and effective work plan:

- shields;

— connections;

— installation of formwork;

- fortifications.

Assembling the formwork for the foundation begins with the panels. According to calculations, the material is prepared, then the connection occurs. At the same time, the material for the formwork is adjusted.

The builders remember the dimensions of the trench, so they build a fortification. The formwork made from boards must be level and a strength check is required.

Connections and shields

Formwork for a monolithic frame cannot be built without panels. Due to them, the solution takes the desired shape. The depth of the foundation and other parameters are taken into account. Users ask how to properly install formwork. Here it is worth considering the interval between stakes. According to GOST, it is 0.2 meters.

Installing formwork yourself

If you are considering wooden formwork, it can be made with your own hands.

Instructions:

— marking;

— marks on the ground;

- shields;

— use of panel elements;

- supports.

The foundation frame begins with markings. Work is carried out using a level and ruler. Next, marks are made on the ground. It is important to calculate what length of shields to use. The interval between them should be no more than 0.2 meters.

Strengthening the structure

Concrete formwork needs strengthening. Wooden and iron lintels are suitable for this. Strengthening outside and inside may differ. To figure out how to make formwork, it’s worth considering the main options for fortifications:

- bars;

- metal spacers. For small structures, bars remain preferable.

Advantages and disadvantages of slab foundations

A strip foundation with a slab on the ground has its strengths and weaknesses, which you need to know about before construction. Advantages:

1. Relatively small force of pressure on the ground. This is possible due to spatial reinforcement, a large area of ​​the supporting structure, and simple transfer of soil movements to different seasons. The base should fall and rise evenly - together with the house being built. All this will prevent the appearance of gaps and cracks in the walls.
2. Simple installation - pouring the slab takes relatively little time and requires the use of a standard set of equipment and tools. We remind you that in any case it is better to trust professionals to perform such work.
3. High performance characteristics - the slab has a significant area and can withstand high loads, especially if it stands on non-heaving, stable soils.
4. Flexibility - in a good sense, that is, the slab on soils actually floats during periods of seasonal heaving, rising along with the structure evenly over the area.
5. The possibility of using slabs as subfloors - and, as a result, reducing the cost of installing joists. It is necessary to insulate the slab floor and protect it from the negative effects of groundwater.

There are more advantages to a monolithic foundation than disadvantages Source domsdelat.ru

Installation of other types of formwork

To understand how to install formwork, it is better to consider the common types:

- pillars;

- slabs.

Formwork for a house can be tiled or columnar.

Columnar foundation

Do-it-yourself formwork for a pillar base is characterized by ease of execution.

Options:

- block;

- sheet of steel.

Wood is considered preferable for many builders. Specialists take into account the formwork structure and possible problems. Shields and spacers can be metal. Removable formwork for the foundation is offered in a combined type to save money on materials.

Formwork for slab base

While beginners are thinking about how to install formwork, experts are answering questions about the foundation of the slab. There are interesting considerations related to strength and stability.

The length of a monolithic slab base is assessed and the maximum load should be taken into account. Installation of formwork includes a concrete monolith. This means that the builder uses additional lintels.

Important! Installing formwork for a strip foundation is incomparable, since you can do without a sand cushion.

What it is?

One of the most important installation devices in the construction of buildings and structures is foundation fencing.
They are formed from strong planes with supporting and connecting elements. Almost every design for monolithic concrete is a unique design in itself. Its shape, dimensions, installation method are determined at the design stage.

The way the formwork is made will determine the foundation. To form a monolithic supporting structure of a building or structure, various materials are used, sometimes even the most unexpected ones. A properly created enclosing structure will retain liquid concrete within its boundaries without loss and allow it to harden on time.

Materials for the manufacture of formwork

Current material for foundation formwork:

- metal;

— reinforced concrete;

- polystyrene foam;

- available materials;

- wood.

The fastening of the formwork is considered separately, and the main material is metal.

Metal

Making formwork from metal looks promising. Users review the material because they want to use it multiple times. It is possible to make structures of high rigidity from sheet steel. Next, the logical question arises of how to properly make formwork for a strip foundation. In the case of metal, you should simply move the reusable shields.

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